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1、【文摘发布】新英格兰杂志4月26日公布的气管插管规范(编译完毕,中文版PDF)RESOURCE:NEJM,Volume356:e15April26,2007Number17TITLE:OrotrachealIntubationAUTHOR:ChristopherKabrhel,M.D.,ToddW.Thomsen,M.D.,GaryS.Setnik,M.D.,andRonM.Walls,M.D.Chapters:1、Indications2、Contraindications3、Equipment4、Preparation5
2、、SedationandParalysis6、TheProcedure7、Troubleshooting8、Confirmation9、SecuringtheTube10、Complications本文是《新英格兰杂志》4月26日发表的,气管插管在临床上常用,本文提供了一个指南,请有兴趣的战友翻译,分成12,3,4,5,6,7,8,9、10部分,8人完成e15.pdf(192.06k)INDICATIONSOrotrachealintubationisindicatedinanysituationthatrequiresde
3、finitivecontroloftheairway.Orotrachealintubationiscommonlyperformedtofacilitatecontroloftheairwayinapatientundergoinggeneralanesthesia.Itisalsoperformedaspartofthecareofcriticallyillpatientswithmultisystemdiseaseorinjuries.Emergencyindicationsincludecardiacorrespir
4、atoryarrest,failuretoprotecttheairwayfromaspiration,inadequateoxygenationorventilation,andexistingoranticipatedairwayobstruction.适应症气管插管适用于任何确实需要气道管理的状况。为了便于气道管理,患者全身麻醉时常常需要气管插管;气管插管也是多系统疾病或损害的危重患者监护的一部分。紧急适应症包括心跳或呼吸骤停、气道不能防止误吸、缺氧或通气不足、气道阻塞。CONTRAINDICATIONS禁忌症Inur
5、gentsituationsoremergencies,suchaswhenapatientisincardiacarrest,airwaymanagementisofparamountimportance,andthereareveryfewcontraindicationstoorotrachealintubation.Orotrachealintubationbydirectlaryngoscopyissomewhatcontraindicatedinapatientwithpartialtransectionofth
6、etrachea,becausetheprocedurecancausecompletetrachealtransectionandlossoftheairway.在紧急状态下或急症时,如患者心跳骤停,气道管理极为重要,但气管插管仍有极少的禁忌症。直接喉镜下气管插管对已行部分气管切除的患者相对禁忌,因为气管插管步骤导致气管全部横断及气道损伤。Inthesecases,surgicalairwaymanagementmaybenecessary.Unstablecervicalspineinjuryisnotacontrain
7、dication,butstrict,in-linestabilizationofthecervicalspinemustbemaintainedduringintubation.Anassistantshouldstandatthesideofthebedandholdthepatient’shead,neck,andshouldersinananatomicallyneutralposition.Theanteriorportionofthecervicalcollarisopenedorremovedtopermitt
8、hepatient’smouthtobefullyopened.在这些患者中,手术气道管理可能是必需的,不稳定颈椎损伤不是禁忌症,但是插管时颈椎必须保持严格的、呈线性固定。助手应该站在床旁一侧托住患者的头、颈,使患者双肩保持自然体位。敞开或去掉患者颈部衣领口,保持患者口腔全部张开。When