资源描述：
《微型小说讲义 (精选)》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、章节分类：◆文化教育类（Passage1-3）◆社会生活类（Passage4-7）◆科普科技类（Passage8-10）◆商业经济类（Passage11-13）◆医疗保健类（Passage14-16）◆文化教育类Passage1ThinkofthesolitudefeltbyMarieSmithbeforeshediedearlierthisyearinhernativeAlaska,at89.ShewasthelastpersonwhoknewthelanguageoftheEyakpeopleasamother-tongue.OrimagineNedMandrell,whodiedin1
2、974—hewasthelastnativespeakerofManx,similartoIrishandScotsGaelic.Boththesepeoplehadthecomfortofbeingsurrounded,someofthetime,byenthusiastswhoknewsomethingpreciouswasvanishingandtriedtorecordandlearnwhatevertheycouldofavanishingtongue.Inremotepartsoftheworld,dozensmorepeopleareonthepointoftakingtoth
3、eirstavesasystemofcommunicationthatwillneverberecordedorreconstructed.Doesitmatter?Plentyoflanguages—amongthemAkkadian,Etruscan,TangutandChibcha—havegonethewayofthedodo,withoutcausingmuchtroubletoposterity.Shouldanyonelosesleepoverthefactthatmanytongues—fromManchu(spokeninChina)toHua(Botswana)andGw
4、ich’in(Alaska)—areindangerofsufferingasimilarfate?Comparedwithgroupswholobbytosaveanimalsortrees,campaignerswholobbytopreservelanguagesarethemselvesararebreed.Buttheyaretryingbothtomitigateandpubliciseanalarmingaccelerationintherateatwhichlanguagesarevanishing.Ofsome6,900tonguesspokenintheworldtoda
5、y,some50%to90%couldbegonebytheendofthecentury.InAfrica,atleast300languagesareinnear-termdanger,and200morehavediedrecentlyorareonthevergeofdeath.Some145languagesarethreatenedinEastandSouth-EastAsia.Somelanguages,evenrobustones,faceanobviousthreatintheshapeofapoliticalpowerbentonimposingamajoritytong
6、ue.AyoungsterinanypartoftheSovietUnionsoonrealisedthatwhateveryouspokeathome,masteringRussianwasthekeytosuccess;citizensofChinafacesimilarpressuretofocusonMandarin,themainChinesedialect.NordidEnglishreachitspresentglobalstatuswithoutruthlesstactics.Inyearspast,Americans,CanadiansandAustralianstookn
7、ativechildrenawayfromtheirfamiliestoberaisedatboardingschoolswhereEnglishrules.InalltheCelticfringesoftheBritishIslestherearebittermemoriesofchildrenbeingpunishedforspeakingthewronglanguage.Butinanageofmass
