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1、Ⅰ.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时,常常为了保持句子的平衡,用it来做形式主语,如:ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.Itisnouseaskinghimforhelp.2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如:Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.(眼见为实)(85)Itisbettertostayhomethan_A__out.A.togo
2、 B.going C.go D.goneⅡ.动名词和不定式做主语的不同点1.不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如:(92)_B_isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.Thewalk B.Walking C.Towalk D.Walk2.在”There/It+be+nouse(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式,如:It/Thereisnousecry
3、ingoverthesplitmilk.It/Thereisnohelptakingthismedicine.★但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如:(93)Thereisnogoodforustodothatexercise.3.不定式可以和when,where,how,what,whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能,如:Howtosolvetheproblemisahotpotato.Wheretoputtheboxseemshardtodecid
4、e.Whethertodoithasn’tbeendecided.Whattodonextisuptoyou. ================================================================================ ⒈不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首。如: Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour. (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不
5、定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如: ①It+be+名词+todo It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold. ②Ittakessb+sometime+todo Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework? ③It+be+形容词+forsb+todo Itisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour. ④It+be+形容词+ofsb+todo I
6、tisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays. ⑤Itseems(appears)+形容词+todo Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney. 在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,sill
7、y,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sbis+形容词+todo句式,如:It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglish. ⒉动名词作主语 Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood. 动名词作主语时,也常用It句式。如: ①It's+nogood(nouse,fun,apleasure,awasteoftime)+doin
8、g… It'snogoodreadingindimlight. It'snousesittingherewaiting. ②It's+形容词+doing It'sdangerousswimmingintheseainwindydays. 这样用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等,但important,necessary则不适用于这种结构,应用不定式代替,如:I