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1、英语读写译课程教师讲义ReadingcomprehensionPassage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage. ArecentBBCdocumentary,TheTownThatNeverRetired,soughttoshowtheeffectsofincreasingthestatepensionagebyputtingretireesbacktowork. Althoughtheresultswereentertaining,theyneednothavebothered.Awayfromthecameras,un
2、precedentednumbersofolderpeoplearestayinginwork.Sincethestartoftherecessionthatbeganin2008,thenumberof16-to24-year-oldsinworkhasfallenby597,000.Overthesameperiodthenumberofworkersovertheageof65hasincreasedby240o000. ThegrayingoftheBritishworkforcedatesbacktoaround2001,sincewhentheproportion
3、ofolderpeopleworkinghasnearlydoubled.Butithasacceleratedsincethestartoftherecession.Thereareseveralreasonswhy.Happily,peoplearelivinglongerandhealthierlives,whichmakesstayinginworklessdauntingthanitwas.Lesshappily,lowinterestrates,astagnantstockmarketandtheendofmanydefined-benefit(固定收益)pensi
4、onschemesmakeitafinancialnecessity.Andchangingattitudes,spurredbyrulesagainstagediscrimination,aremakingiteasierthanever. Mostolderworkersaresimplyhangingonattheoffice:63%ofworkersoverstatepensionagehavebeenwiththeiremployerformorethantenyears.Overtwo-thirdsofthemworkpart-time,mostlydoingjo
5、bsthattheyonceperformedfull-time.Abigadvantageisthattheydonotpaynationalinsurancecontributionseffectivelyasecondincometaxonyoungerworkers. AccordingtoStephenMcNair,directoroftheCenterforResearchintotheOlderWorkforce,thisflexibilityexplainswhyolderworkershavenotsufferedsomuchintheslump.Inste
6、adofslashingtheworkforce,asinpreviousrecessions,manyfirmshavehaltedrecruitmentandcutworkinghours.Atsmallbusinessesinparticular,keepingonolderworkersischeaperandlessriskythantrainingreplacements.Overhalfofworkersoverstatepensionageworkforbusinesseswithfewerthan25employees. ChristopherNipper,
7、whoownsDavidNipper,awomenwearmanufacturerbasedinDerbyshire,prizeshissemi-retiredworkers,whocanbeemployedatshortnoticeanddonotneedtoworkfull-timetosurvive.Retiredmachinistscanfillinifthereisasurgeinorders;formersalesadviserscanworkaspart-timeconsult
