资源描述：
《托福(toefl)考试阅读模拟试题(3)》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、福建博士通信息有限责任公司www.8315.com.cn托福（TOEFL）考试阅读模拟试题（3）来源:考试大somepioneeringworkthatbeganasanattempttodiscoverwaystoincreaseproductionefficiencyledtothefoundingofthehumanrelationsmovementinindustryandtothedevelopmentofmotivationalskillsandtoolsformanagers.in1927researchersw
2、ereinvolvedindeterminingtheoptimumamountoflighting,temperature,andhumidity(withlightingbeingconsideredthemostimportant)fortheassemblyofelectroniccomponentsatwesternelectric.theresearchersfoundthatlightinghadnoconsistenteffectonproduction.infact,productionsometimesin
3、creasedwhenlightingwasreducedtothelevelofordinarymoonlight!theimportantpartofthisexperimentbeganwhentwoharvardresearchers,eltonmayoandfritzroethlisberger,werebroughtintoinvestigatetheseunexpectedresultsfurther.theyfoundthatworkerswererespondingnottotheleveloflightin
4、gbuttothefactthattheywerebeingobservedbytheexperimenters.thisphenomenoncametobeknownasthehawthorneeffectsincetheexperimentswereconductedatthewesternelectrichawthorneplant.thiswasthefirstdocumentedandwidelypublishedevidenceofthepsychologicaleffectsondoingwork,anditle
5、dtothefirstseriouseffortaimedatexaminingpsychologicalandsocialfactorsintheworkplace.furtherexperimentswerecontinuedforfiveyears.generally,theresearchersconcludedfromtheirexperimentsthateconomicmotivation(pay)wasnotthesolesourceofproductivityand,insomecases,noteventh
6、emostimportantsource.throughinterviewsandtestresults,theresearchersfocusedontheeffectsofworkattitudes,supervision,andthepeergroupandothersocialforces,onproductivity.theirfindingslaidthegroundworkformodernmotivationtheory,andthestudyofhumanfactorsonthejob,whichcontin
7、uestothisdayinsuchcommonpracticesasselectionandtraining,establishingfavorableworkconditions,counseling,andpersonneloperations.thecontributionsofthisexperimentshiftedthefocusofhumanmotivationfromeconomicstoamultifacetedapproachincludingpsychologicalandsocialforces.11
8、.whatisthepassageprimarilyabout?(a)thefirstwidelypublisheddevelopmentinmodernmotivationtheory福建博士通信息有限责任公司www.8315.com.cn(b)shiftingthefoc
