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1、MiltonFriedmanUnraveledbyMurrayN.RothbardbyMurrayN.RothbardThisarticleoriginallyappearedinTheIndividualistin1971,andwasreprintedintheJournalofLibertarianStudiesintheFall2002issue.Mention"free-marketeconomics"toamemberofthelaypublicandchancesarethatifhehasheardthetermatall,heidentifiesitcom
2、pletelywiththenameMiltonFriedman.Forseveralyears,ProfessorFriedmanhaswoncontinuinghonorsfromthepressandtheprofessionalike,andaschoolofFriedmanitesand"monetarists"hasariseninseemingchallengetotheKeynesianorthodoxy.However,insteadofthecommonresponseofreverenceandawefor"oneofourownwhohasmadei
3、t,"libertariansshouldgreetthewholeaffairwithdeepsuspicion:"Ifhe’ssodevotedalibertarian,howcomehe’safavoriteoftheEstablishment?"AnadvisorofRichardNixonandafriendandassociateofmostAdministrationeconomists,Friedmanhas,infact,madehismarkincurrentpolicy,andindeedreciprocatesasasortofleadingunof
4、ficialapologistforNixonitepolicy.Infact,inthisasinothersuchcases,suspicionispreciselytherightresponseforthelibertarian,forProfessorFriedman’sparticularbrandof"free-marketeconomics"ishardlycalculatedtorufflethefeathersofthepowers-that-be.MiltonFriedmanistheEstablishment’sCourtLibertarian,an
5、ditishightimethatlibertariansawakentothisfactoflife.THECHICAGOSCHOOLFriedmanismcanbefullyunderstoodonlyinthecontextofitshistoricalroots,andtheserootsaretheso-called"ChicagoSchool"ofeconomicsofthe1920sand1930s.Friedman,aprofessorattheUniversityofChicago,isnowtheundisputedheadofthemodern,ors
6、econd-generation,ChicagoSchool,whichhasadherentsthroughouttheprofession,withmajorcentersatChicago,UCLA,andtheUniversityofVirginia.Themembersoftheoriginal,orfirst-generation,ChicagoSchoolwereconsidered"leftish"intheirday,asindeedtheywerebyanysortofgenuinefree-marketcriterion.AndwhileFriedma
7、nhasmodifiedsomeoftheirapproaches,heremainsaChicagomanofthethirties.ThepoliticalprogramoftheoriginalChicagoansisbestrevealedintheegregiousworkofafounderandmajorpoliticalmentor:HenryC.Simons’sAPositiveProgramforLaissezFaire.1Simons’spoliticalprogramwaslaissezfa
