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1、MiltonFriedmanUnraveledbyMurrayN.RothbardbyMurrayN.RothbardThisarticleoriginallyappearedinTheIndividualistin1971,andwasreprintedintheJournalofLibertarianStudiesintheFall2002issue.Mention"free-marketeconomics"toamemberofthelaypublicandchancesarethatifhehasheardthetermatall,heidenti
2、fiesitcompletelywiththenameMiltonFriedman.Forseveralyears,ProfessorFriedmanhaswoncontinuinghonorsfromthepressandtheprofessionalike,andaschoolofFriedmanitesand"monetarists"hasariseninseemingchallengetotheKeynesianorthodoxy.However,insteadofthecommonresponseofreverenceandawefor"oneo
3、fourownwhohasmadeit,"libertariansshouldgreetthewholeaffairwithdeepsuspicion:"Ifhe’ssodevotedalibertarian,howcomehe’safavoriteoftheEstablishment?"AnadvisorofRichardNixonandafriendandassociateofmostAdministrationeconomists,Friedmanhas,infact,madehismarkincurrentpolicy,andindeedrecip
4、rocatesasasortofleadingunofficialapologistforNixonitepolicy.Infact,inthisasinothersuchcases,suspicionispreciselytherightresponseforthelibertarian,forProfessorFriedman’sparticularbrandof"free-marketeconomics"ishardlycalculatedtorufflethefeathersofthepowers-that-be.MiltonFriedmanist
5、heEstablishment’sCourtLibertarian,anditishightimethatlibertariansawakentothisfactoflife.THECHICAGOSCHOOLFriedmanismcanbefullyunderstoodonlyinthecontextofitshistoricalroots,andtheserootsaretheso-called"ChicagoSchool"ofeconomicsofthe1920sand1930s.Friedman,aprofessorattheUniversityof
6、Chicago,isnowtheundisputedheadofthemodern,orsecond-generation,ChicagoSchool,whichhasadherentsthroughouttheprofession,withmajorcentersatChicago,UCLA,andtheUniversityofVirginia.Themembersoftheoriginal,orfirst-generation,ChicagoSchoolwereconsidered"leftish"intheirday,asindeedtheywere
7、byanysortofgenuinefree-marketcriterion.AndwhileFriedmanhasmodifiedsomeoftheirapproaches,heremainsaChicagomanofthethirties.ThepoliticalprogramoftheoriginalChicagoansisbestrevealedintheegregiousworkofafounderandmajorpoliticalmentor:HenryC.Simons’sA1PositiveProgramforLaissezFaire.Sim
8、ons’spoliticalprogramwaslaissezfa
