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1、1)Simile：(明喻）Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristic(特性)incommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother 明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，
2、两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like,as,asif,asthough等Forexample,Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,soisgood newsfromafarcountry./Thiselephantislikeasnakeasanybodycansee.2)Metaphor：(暗喻）Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.隐喻（m
3、etaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。Forexample,theworldisastage./Thediamonddepartmentwastheheartandcenterofthestore.3)Analogy:(类比）Itisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileormetaphorwhichusuallyusescomparisonononepointofresemblance,analogydrawsaparallelbetweent
4、wounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance. 4)Personification:(拟人）Itgiveshumanformoffeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributes(赋予)toinanimate(无生命的)objects,ortoideasandabstractions(抽象).拟人（personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。1、Sh
5、emayhavetensofthousandofbabiesinonesummer.(From“WatchingAnts”)一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子。这里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。Forexample,thewindwhistledthroughthetrees. 5)Hyperbole:(夸张） Itisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.夸张（hyperbole）这是运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效
6、果。1、Mybloodfroze.我的血液都凝固了。Forinstance,healmostdiedlaughing. 6)Understatement:(含蓄陈述） Itistheoppositeofhyperbole,oroverstatement.Itachievesitseffectofemphasizingafactbydeliberately(故意地)understatingit,impressingthelistenerorthereadermorebywhatismerelyimpliedorleftunsaidthanbybarestate
7、ment.Forinstance,Itisnolaughingmatter. 7)Euphemism:(委婉）Itisthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensive(无冒犯)expressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant.Forinstance,wereferto"die"as”passaway". 8)Metonymy(转喻） Itisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthemaneofonet
8、hingforthatofanother.Forin
