a history of the transformation of civic institutions …

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1、THETRANSFORMATIONOFCIVICINSTITUTIONSANDPRACTICESINPORTLAND,OREGON,1960-1999bySTEVENREEDJOHNSONAdissertationsubmittedinpartialfulfillmentoftheRequirementsforthedegreeofDOCTOROFPHILOSOPHYinURBANSTUDIESPortlandStateUniversity©2002TABLEOFCONTENTSLISTOFTABLESvLISTOFFIGURESviSECT

2、IONI:BACKGROUNDChapter1.Introduction1TheFourPeriodsofCivicLifebetween1960and19994HowtheChangesinCivicLifewereDocumented5Summary6Chapter2.CollapseorTransformation:AlternativeFrameworksfortheEvolutionofCivicLife8CivicDeclineTheories8TraditionalCivicOrganizationsandCitizenInte

3、restandAdvocacyGroups9TheRoleofSocialMovementsandChallengingGroups18ComparableStudiesofCommunityCivicLife20PositiveTheoriesoftheEvolutionofCivicLife24DirectDemocraticRepresentation:Portland’sNeighborhoodInvolvementSystem28CivicInnovations31Conclusion34Chapter3.Methodology36

4、CivicOrganizations36CivicBodies:Commissions,Boards,Taskforces,andCitizenAdvisoryCommittees44CivicPractices47CaseStudies50SelectingPortlandandtheCivicCharacterofPortland51SECTIONII:HISTORICALSURVEYChapter4.TraditionalCivicLifeinPortland54Introduction54CivicOrganizationsinPor

5、tland,196054NewsofCivicOrganizationsin196058RepertoireofCivicActionsin196059CivicOrganizationIssueOrientation62EducationalForums67CivicBodiesinthe1960s68Conclusion76Chapter5:ReconstructionofCivicLife78Introduction78CivicOrganizationsinPortland,197278TheGrowthofAdvocacyOrgan

6、izations82NewsofCivicOrganizationsin197284RepertoireofCivicactionsin197288CivicOrganizationsIssueOrientation92EducationalForums95CivicBodiesinthe1970s97Conclusion104Chapter6.PopulistPluralism107Introduction107CivicorganizationsPortland,1985107TheGrowthofAdvocacyOrganization

7、s111NewsofCivicOrganizationsin1985112RepertoireofCivicActionsin1985114CivicOrganizationsIssueOrientation117EducationalForumsin1985120CivicBodiesinthe1980s122Conclusion128Chapter7.CivicInnovations:BridgingInterestCommunitiesandRebuildingConsensus130Introduction130CivicOrgani

8、zationsinPortland,1999134TheLargeIncreaseinAdvocacyGroupsfrom1985to1999135NewsofCi