句子成分与基本句型

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1、句子成分与基本句型1.主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）2.谓语（predicate）:说明

2、主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.3.表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）Shewasverytiredandlookedit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Towearafloweristosay“I’mpo

3、or,Ican’tbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedo

4、orremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.(形容词)Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Un

5、derthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.5．宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介词短语）Don’tlethimd

6、othat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过分词）6.主补：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistry

7、teacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过分）Ihaveanideato

8、doitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）8.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、