1、动态性动词与静态性动词(1)Dynamic Verb and Static Verb英语动词按其是否可以用于进行时态的语义特征,可以分为动态性动词和静态性动词。大量的动词是动态性的,可以用于进行时态。有一些动词是静态性的,不能用于进行时态。还有不少动词,兼有动态与静态两种特性,而其含义是不同的。动态性动词与静态性动词的用法有四个不同之处:(1)动态性动词可用于进行时态,而静态性动词则不可。这是两种动词最根本的区别,例如:1)John is writing to his father.(约翰正在给他的父亲写信。)2)John
2、resembles his father.(约翰长得像他的父亲。)John is resembling his father.(Impossible)3)John is painting his house.(约翰正在油漆他的房子。)4)John owns a house.(约翰拥有一所房子。)John is owning a house.(Impossible)有些动词可兼作两类动词,但意思不同。动词“hold”的句子主语是人,则作“握住”解,是个动态性动同;句子主语是处所,则作“容纳”解,是个静态性动词,例如:5)a.J
3、ohn is holding a ball in his hands.b.John has a ball in his hands.(约翰正用两手握住球。)6)a.The bus holds 50 people.b.50 people can sit in the bus.(这辆公共汽车能坐五十人。)动词have可兼作两种类型。当作动态性动词用时,表示动作的发生或过程,相当于take,get,receive,eat,drink等词,可用于进行时态。当作静态性动词用时,表示“拥有”的概念,相当于own,possess等词,没有
4、进行时态,例如:7)a.I was having my coffee quietly.b.I was drinking my coffee quietly.(当时我正在默默地喝咖啡。)8)a.The man has a new car.b.The man owns a new car.c.The man possesses a new car.(这个人有辆新汽车。)动词consider后跟名词作宾语,当“考虑”讲,为动态性动词。后跟that从句作宾语,当“认为”讲,为静态性动词。 例如:9)a.We shall consid
5、er your application.b.We shall take your application into consideration.c.We shall think over your application.(我们将考虑你的申请。)10)a.I consider(that)you acted very wisely.b.I think(that)you acted very wisely.c.To my mind,you acted very wisely.(我认为你做得非常明智。)在动词词组apply to中
6、,如果apply当及物动词用,则是动态性动词,意为“应用”。如是不及动物词,则是静态性动词,意为“适用于”。例如:11)a.They are applying the new theory to practice.b.They are putting the new theory into practice.(他们正在把这个新理论应用于实践。)12)a.What I have said doesn't apply to you.b.What I have said doesn't concern you.(我所说的话对你不适
7、用。)不及物动词look后跟具有动态含义的前置词at,便成为动态性动词。后跟具有静态含义的前置词like,便成为静态性动词。例如:13)a.He is looking at the picture on the wall.b.He is taking a look at the picture on the wall.(他正在看墙上的画。)14)a.He looks like his father.b.He resembles his father.(他长得像他的父亲。)有些静态性动词,可以充当动态性动词,用于进行时态,表示
8、委婉的口气。例如:15)a.I wonder if I could ask you a question.b.I'm wondering if I could ask you a question.(我不知可否问你一个问题。)16)a.I hope to leave as soon as