1、动态性动词与静态性动词(1)Dynamic Verb and Static Verb英语动词按其是否可以用于进行时态的语义特征,可以分为动态性动词和静态性动词。大量的动词是动态性的,可以用于进行时态。有一些动词是静态性的,不能用于进行时态。还有不少动词,兼有动态与静态两种特性,而其含义是不同的。动态性动词与静态性动词的用法有四个不同之处:(1)动态性动词可用于进行时态,而静态性动词则不可。这是两种动词最根本的区别,例如:1)John is writing to his father.(约翰正在给他的父亲写信。)2)John resembles his f
2、ather.(约翰长得像他的父亲。)John is resembling his father.(Impossible)3)John is painting his house.(约翰正在油漆他的房子。)4)John owns a house.(约翰拥有一所房子。)John is owning a house.(Impossible)有些动词可兼作两类动词,但意思不同。动词“hold”的句子主语是人,则作“握住”解,是个动态性动同;句子主语是处所,则作“容纳”解,是个静态性动词,例如:5)a.John is holding a ball in his h
3、ands.b.John has a ball in his hands.(约翰正用两手握住球。)6)a.The bus holds 50 people.b.50 people can sit in the bus.(这辆公共汽车能坐五十人。)动词have可兼作两种类型。当作动态性动词用时,表示动作的发生或过程,相当于take,get,receive,eat,drink等词,可用于进行时态。当作静态性动词用时,表示“拥有”的概念,相当于own,possess等词,没有进行时态,例如:7)a.I was having my coffee quietly.b.
4、I was drinking my coffee quietly.(当时我正在默默地喝咖啡。)8)a.The man has a new car.b.The man owns a new car.c.The man possesses a new car.(这个人有辆新汽车。)动词consider后跟名词作宾语,当“考虑”讲,为动态性动词。后跟that从句作宾语,当“认为”讲,为静态性动词。 例如:9)a.We shall consider your application.b.We shall take your application into co
5、nsideration.c.We shall think over your application.(我们将考虑你的申请。)10)a.I consider(that)you acted very wisely.b.I think(that)you acted very wisely.c.To my mind,you acted very wisely.(我认为你做得非常明智。)在动词词组apply to中,如果apply当及物动词用,则是动态性动词,意为“应用”。如是不及动物词,则是静态性动词,意为“适用于”。例如:11)a.They are appl
6、ying the new theory to practice.b.They are putting the new theory into practice.(他们正在把这个新理论应用于实践。)12)a.What I have said doesn't apply to you.b.What I have said doesn't concern you.(我所说的话对你不适用。)不及物动词look后跟具有动态含义的前置词at,便成为动态性动词。后跟具有静态含义的前置词like,便成为静态性动词。例如:13)a.He is looking at the
7、 picture on the wall.b.He is taking a look at the picture on the wall.(他正在看墙上的画。)14)a.He looks like his father.b.He resembles his father.(他长得像他的父亲。)有些静态性动词,可以充当动态性动词,用于进行时态,表示委婉的口气。例如:15)a.I wonder if I could ask you a question.b.I'm wondering if I could ask you a question.(我不知可否