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1、1.在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。eg,Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语) HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.(动词宾语) MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)2.宾语从句的引导词有三类:(1)以that引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句,that可以省略。eg,Theradiosays(that)thecloudswillliftlateron. Shetol
2、dme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.(2)由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。从句是陈述语序 eg,Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematterwithu? Iwanttoknowhowsoonitwillbegin.(3)以whether或if引导的宾语从句,If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问
3、句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序 eg,Iwonderif/whetheruhavetoldthenewtoLiLei.3.宾语从句的时态(1)当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时,从句可用所需要的任何时态。eg,Iwanttoknowwhattimehegotupthismorning.Youaretellingmethatyouwon'tstopuntiltomorrow?(2)当主句为一般过去时态时,从句要用于过去有关的时态。 eg,TheyaskedwhatJeanwasdoingnow
4、. Lindasaidthatthetrainhadleft.(3)当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时,宾语从句要使用一般现在时。 eg,Lisaaskedwhetherlighttravelsfasterthansound. Pollysaidnonewsisagoodnews注意:一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,但有些情况例外。 1.当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用if eg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepinic. 2.引导词与动词不定
5、式或not连用时,只用whether. eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext. Couldyoutellmewhetherugoornot?③在不定式前用whether。如:Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如:Whetherthisistrueornot,I
6、can'tsay.这是否真的我说不上来。⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如:Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否能来还是个问题。⑥若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。如:Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook.可理解为:b.Ifyoulikethebook,pleaseletmeknow.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我3.if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether.eg,Youcan'tworktheplan
7、outifyoudon'thavethemeeting.4.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时,这时不能用whether.HeaskedifIdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.5.引导状语从句evenif(即使)和asif(好象)时,这时不能用whether.Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.宾语从句的否定转移:当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。Idon’tthinkitisri
8、ghtforhimtotreatyoulikethat.主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.Idon’tbelievethatmaniski