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1、实验诊断试题库(第二版)38一、名词解释(包括定义及主要临床意义)1.实验诊断(Laboratorydiagnosis)2.全程质量控制(totalqualitymanagement,TQM)3.循证医学(evidencebasedmedicine,EBA)4.危急值(criticalvalue)5.医学决定水平(medicaldecisionlevel)6.红细胞计数(redbloodcellcount,RBC)7.红细胞比容(hemotocrit,Hct;packedcellvolume,PCV
2、)8.网织红细胞计数(reticulocytecount,Ret)9.红细胞体积分布宽度(redbloodcellvolumedistributionwidth,RDW)10.白细胞绝对值(absolutevalueofWBC)11.白细胞分类计数(Differentialcount,DC)12.靶型红细胞(targetcell)13.球形红细胞(spherocyte)14.嗜多色性红细胞(polychromaticerythrocyte)15.高色素性红细胞(hypochromicerythroc
3、yte)16.嗜碱性点彩(basophilicstippling)17.染色质小体(Howell-Jolly)18.卡波氏环(Cabotrings)19.有核红细胞(nucleatederythrocyte)20.中毒颗粒(toxicgranulation)21.空泡(vacuoledegeneration)22.杜勒小体(Dohlebodies)23.核变性(degenerationofnucleus)24.棒状小体(auerbodies)25.异形淋巴细胞(atypicallymphocyte)
4、26.核左移(nuclearshifttoleft)27.核右移(nueclearshifttoright)28.分裂池(mitoticpool)29.贮备池(storagepool)30.边缘池(vesselwall)31.类白血病反应(leukemoidreaction)32.红细胞沉降率Erythrocytesedimentationrate,ESR)33.骨髓穿刺(bonemarrowpuncture)34.骨髓增生程度(proliferativedegree)35.粒红比(myeloide
5、rythroidratio,M∶E)36.细胞化学染色(cyto-chemicalstain)37.过氧化物酶染色(peroxidasestain,POX)38.中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶染色(neutrophilalkalinephosphatasestain,NAP)39.骨髓纤维化(myelofibrosis,MF)40.骨髓增生异常综合征(myelodysplasticsyndrome,MDS)41.巨幼细胞性贫血(megaloblasticanemia,MA)42.再生障碍性贫血(aplasti
6、canemia,AA)43.出血时间(bleedingtime,BT)44.束臂试验(capillaryfragilitytest,CFT)45.血块退缩试验(clotretractiontest,CRT)46.大血小板比率(plateletlargecellratio,P-LCR)47.活化部分凝血活酶时间(activatedpartialthromboplastintime,APTT)48.凝血酶原时间(prothrombintime,PT)49.凝血时间(clottingtime,CT)50.
7、国际标准化比值(internationalnormalizedratio,INR)51.血浆纤维蛋白原测定(Fibrinogenassay,FBG)52.凝血酶时间测定(thrombintime,TT)53.D-二聚体(D-dimer,DD)54.纤维蛋白(原)降解产物(fibrinogendegradationproduct,FDPs)55.血浆鱼精蛋白副凝固试验(plasmaprotamineparacoagulation,3P试验)56.原发性纤溶(primaryhyperfibrinolys
8、is)57.继发性纤溶(secondaryhyperfibrinolysis)58.血型(bloodgroup)59.ABO血型物质(ABObloodgroupsubstance)60.(血型)天然抗体(bloodgroupnaturalantibody)61.(血型)免疫抗体(bloodgroupimmunologicantibody)62.交叉配血(crossmatching)63.成分输血(componentbloodtransfusion)64.随机尿(ran