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1、考试题型:填空5;名词解释3‘X4;对错1’X5问答10‘+X10讨论15’X2阅读4’X2(1)Functionalmaterials:1.1Definition:withexcellentelectric,magnetic,thermal,sonic,mechanical,chemicalandbiochemicalproperties,canbetransferredfromeachotherandusedasnon-structuralmaterials.功能材料:具有优良的电学、磁学、光学、热学、声学、力学、化学和生物学功能及其相互转化的功能被用于非结构目
2、的高科技材料。1.2(1)Mechanicalfunction:strengthenfunctionalmaterials强化功能材料elasticallyfunctionalmaterials弹性功能材料如:高结晶材料、超高强材料(2)Chemicalfunction:separatingfunctionalmaterials分离功能材料,如分离膜reactingfunctionalmaterials反应功能材料,如高分子试剂(3)biologicallyfunctionalmaterials生物功能材料,如生物反应器Physicochemicalfunction
3、electricallyfunctionalmaterials电学功能材料,如超导体opticallyfunctionalmaterials光学功能材料,如光导纤维energytransitionfunctionalmaterials能量转换功能材料,如压电材料(4)Biochemicalfunctionmedicallyfunctionalmaterials医用功能材料,如人工器脏functionalmedicines功能性药物,如高分子农药biologicaldegradationmaterials生物降解材料,如压电材料1.3Characteroffuncti
4、onalmaterialsGenerally:smallamountofproducts,highbenefits,complicatedfabricationprocessesMainreason:functionprovidingStudy:therelationshipbetweenstructureandproperties1.4DesignforfunctionalmaterialsIntroductioninputmaterialoutput一次功能:thetypesofenergywithinputandoutputaresame.二次功能:thety
5、pesofenergywithinputandoutputaredifferentDesignforfunctionalmaterials,providingaspecificfunctiontomaterialsFivefactorsofMSE:CompositionFabricationStructurePropertiesApplicationsConcerningpropertiesmechanicalproperties:strength,hardness,elasticity,plasticity,toughness,abrasionresistance
6、electricproperties:electricconductivity,super-conduction,dielectricproperties介电性,piezoelectricity压电性,ferroelectricity铁电性magneticproperties:抗磁性物质:减弱磁场顺磁性物质:使磁场略有增加铁磁性物质:使磁场强裂增加thermalproperties:吸热:热容;传热:热导率;膨胀:热膨胀系数opticalproperties吸收、透射、反射(2)softandhardmagnets:Permanentmagnet(1)madeofh
7、ardiron:rubwithanothermagnet;orplacedwithinacoilcarryinganelectricalcurrent(2)remainmagnetizedforlongtime(3)losemagnetismifheating:abovethecurietemperatureTc软磁性材料:如电工用纯铁、硅钢片等,易被磁化,导磁性好,但外加磁场去掉后,磁性基本消失。硬磁性材料:如淬火的钴钢、稀土钴等,在去磁后仍然能保持磁场,磁性不易消失。金属材料:如铁、镍、钴等均具有较高的磁性;而如铜、铝、铅等则是无磁性的。Domain磁畴:A