人工智能课后习题答案部分已翻译考试

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1、Chapter11.1Defineinyourownword:(a)intelligence,(b)artificialintelligence,(c)agent.•Intelligence智能:Dictionarydefinitionsofintelligencetalkabout“thecapacitytoacquireandapplyknowledge”or“thefacultyofthoughtandreason”or“theabilitytocomprehendandprofitfromexperience.”Thesea

2、reallreasonableanswers,butifwewantsomethingquantifiablewewouldusesomethinglike“theabilitytoapplyknowledgeinordertoperformbetterinanenvironment.”智能的字典定义有一种学习或应用知识的能力，一种思考和推理的本领，领会并且得益于经验的能力，这些都是有道理的答案，但如果我们想量化一些东西，我们将用到一些东西像为了在环境中更好的完成任务使能力适应知识•Artificialintelligence人工智

3、能:Wedefineartificialintelligenceasthestudyandconstructionofagentprogramsthatperformwellinagivenenvironment,foragivenagentarchitecture.作为一学习和构造智能体程序，为了一个智能体结构，在被给的环境中可以很好的完成任务。•Agen智能体t:Wedefineanagentasanentity实体thattakesactioninresponsetoperceptsfromanenvironment.在一个环

4、境中对一个对象做出反应的实体1.4Therearewell-knownclassesofproblemthatareintractablydifficultforcomputers,andotherclassesthatareprovablyundecidable.DoesthismeanthatAIisimpossible?No.ItmeansthatAIsystemsshouldavoidtryingtosolveintractableproblems.Usually,thismeanstheycanonlyapproximat

5、eoptimalbehavior.Noticethathumansdon’tsolveNPcompleteproblemseither.Sometimestheyaregoodatsolvingspecificinstanceswithalotofstructure,perhapswiththeaidofbackgroundknowledge.AIsystemsshouldattempttodothesame.1.11“surelycomputerscannotbeintelligent-theycandoonlywhattheir

6、programmerstellthem.”Isthelatterstatementtrue,anddoesitimplytheformer?Thisdependsonyourdefinitionof“intelligent”and“tell.”Inonesensecomputersonlydowhattheprogrammerscommandthemtodo,butinanothersensewhattheprogrammersconsciouslytellsthecomputertodooftenhasverylittletodo

7、withwhatthecomputeractuallydoes.Anyonewhohaswrittenaprogramwithanornerybugknowsthis,asdoesanyonewhohaswrittenasuccessfulmachinelearningprogram.SoinonesenseSamuel“told”thecomputer“learntoplaycheckersbetterthanIdo,andthenplaythatway,”butinanothersensehetoldthecomputer“fo

8、llowthislearningalgorithm”anditlearnedtoplay.Sowe’releftinthesituationwhereyoumayormaynotconsiderlearningtoplaychecke