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1、10年高考【2003--2012】6年模拟试题【2007--2012】高考英语汇编阅读理解之科普知识类2012年高考题1.【2012全国II】(E)MakeUpYourMindtoSucceedKind-heartedparentshaveunknowinglylefttheirchildrendefenselessagainstfailure.Thegenerationbornbetween1980and2001grewupplayingsportswherescoresandperformancewereplayeddownbecaus
2、e“everyone’swinner.”Andtheirreportcardssoundedmorepositive(正面的)thaneverbefore.Asaresult,StanfordUniversityprofessorCarolDweck,PhD,callsthem“theoverpraisedgeneration.”Dweckhasbeenstudyinghowpeopledealwithfailurefor40years.Herresearchhasledhertofindouttwoclearlydifferentmind
3、-setsthathaveagreateffectonhowwereacttoit.Here’showtheywork:Afixedmind-setisgroundedinthebeliefthattalent(才能)isgenetic–you’reabornartist,pointguard,ornumbersperson.Thefixedmind-setbelievesit’ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame.Whenthingsgetdiffi
4、cult,it’squicktoblame,lie,andevenstayawayfromfuturedifficulties.Ontheotherhand,agrowthmind-setbelievesthatnotalentisentirelyheaven-sentandthateffortandlearningmakeeverythingpossible.Becausetheego(自尊)isn’tonthelineasmuch,thegrowthmind-setseesfailureasachanceratherthanshame.
5、Whenfacedwithadifficulty,it’squicktorethink,changeandtryagain.Infact,itenjoysthisexperience.Weareallbornwithgrowthmind-sets.(Otherwise,wewouldn’tbeabletoliveintheworld.)Butparents,teachers,andinstructorsoftenpushusintofixedmind-setsbyencouragingcertainactionsandmisdirectin
6、gpraise.Dweck’sbook,Mind-set:TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,andonlineinstructionalprogramexplainthisindepth.Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartdoingtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren,grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyfailure.【文章大意】本文是一篇科学调查报告。斯坦福大学教授Dweck经过40年的调查研
7、究认为人们对待失败有两种不同的思维模式，这两种思维模式对我们如何对待失败有很大的影响。第一种是有固定思维模式的人，他们认为才能是天生的，成功不需要努力而失败是耻辱。他们逃避未来的困难。第二种是具有成长思维模式的人，他们认为才能不是天生的，努力和学习使一切成为可能。向失败学习并把它看作成长的经历。57.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthepresentgeneration?A.Theydon’tdowellatschool.B.Theyareoftenmisunderstood.C.Theyareeagertowini
8、nsports.D.Theyaregiventoomuchpraise.【答案】D【解析】根据第一段中的“professorCarolDweck,PhD,callsthem“th
