中级微观经济学讲义教程

《中级微观经济学讲义教程》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、MICROECONOMICSClassroomLectureNotes(3credits,asof2004)basedonHalR.Varian’sIntermediateMicroeconomics,SixthEdition,referringtoPindyckandRubinfeld’sMicroeconomics,FourthEdition.Chapter0EconomicsThesourceofalleconomicproblemsisscarcity.Problemoftrade-off,andchoice.Economics,asawayofthinking,asadism

2、alscience.Problems-solutions-hiddenconsequences.Maindecision-makingagents:1individuals(household),2firms,and3governments.Objectsofeconomicchoicearecommodities,includinggoodsandservices.Maineconomicactivities:Consumption,Production,andExchange.Microeconomicsandmacroeconomics:toshowthemarketmechan

3、ism(theinvisiblehand),tosupplementit.Thecircularflowofeconomicactivities.productmarketfactormarketTheproductmarketandthefactormarket.Themarketrelationismutualandvoluntary.Positiveissuesandnormativeissues.MarginalanalysisRelationsbetweenTotalmagnitudes,Averagemagnitudes,andMarginalmagnitudes.1,M

4、MistheslopeoftheTMcurve;2,AMistheslopeoftherayfromtheorigintothepointattheTMcurve;TMMM(x*)AM(x*)x*x3,TMincreasing(decreasing)ifandonlyifMM>0(MM<0);4,IfTMisatmaximumorminimum,thenMM=0;5,AMincreasing(decreasing)ifandonlyifMM>AM(MM

5、imumorminimum.Chapter1TheMarketEconomicsproceedsbydevelopingModelsofsocialphenomena.Byamodelwemeanasimplifiedrepresentationofreality.Exogenousvariables:takenasdeterminedbyfactorsnotdiscussedinamodel.Endogenousvariables:determinedbyforcesdescribedinthemodel.Theoptimizationprinciple:Peopletrytocho

6、osewhat’sbestforthem.Theequilibriumprinciple:Pricesadjustuntildemandandsupplyareequal.Thedemandcurve:Acurvethatrelatesthequantitydemandedtoprice.Thereservationprice:One’smaximumwillingnesstopayforsomething.Frompeople'sreservationpricestothedemandcurve.Similarly,thesupplycurve.Fig.Paretoefficienc

7、y:Aconcepttoevaluatedifferentwaysofallocatingresources.AParetoimprovementisachangetomakesomepeoplebetteroffwithouthurtinganybodyelse.AneconomicsituationisParetoefficientorParetooptimalifthereisalreadynowaytomakeanymorePareto