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1、BruneiDarussalam文莱Capital:BandarSeriBegawanOfficialLanguage:MalayOfficialcurrency:BruneiDollarBruneiDarussalamissituatedonthenorthwestoftheislandofBorneo.Ithasatotalareaof5,765sqkmwithacoastlineofabout161kmalongtheSouthChinaSea.ItisboundedonthenorthbytheSouthChinaSeaandonalltheother
2、sidesbyMalaysianStateofSarawak.Withanequatorialclimatecharacterizedbyauniformhightemperature,highhumidityandheavyrainfall,thereisnodistinctwetseasoninBruneiDarussalam.BruneiDarussalamisdividedintofourdistricts.BandarSeriBegawanisthecapitalofBruneiDarussalamwithanareaofabout16sqkm.Fr
3、omthe14thtothe16thcenturiesBruneiDarussalamwastheseatofapowerfulsultanateextendingitsauthorityoverSabah,SarawakandthelowerPhilippines,Thus,thecurrentSultanrepresentsoneoftheoldestcontinuouslyrulingdynastiesintheworld.Bythe19thcentury,theBruneiDarussalamEmpirehahbeenwhittledawaybywar
4、s,piracyandthecolonialexpansionofEuropeanpowers.In1847,theSultanconcludedatreatywithGreatBritainandin1888BruneiDarussalamofficiallybecameaBritishprotectorate.The1959AgreementestablishedawrittenconstitutionthatgaveBruneiDarussalaminternalself-government.In1971,theagreementwasamendeda
5、ndrevisedtoassertfullinternalindependenceexceptdefenseandexternalaffairs.OnJanuary1,1984BruneiDarussalamresumedfullindependence,andtheSultantookofficeasPrimeMinister,FinanceMinisterandHomeAffairsMinister,presidingoveracabinetofsix.InOctober1986,thecabinetwasexpandedto11members,withH
6、isMajestyrelinquishingtheportfoliosofFinanceandHomeAffairsandtakingovertheDefenseportfoliothathislatefatherhahheldsince1984.In1988,anotherreshufflebroughtabouttheelevationofthedeputyministertoafullministerandthecreationoftheMinistryofIndustryandPrimaryResourcesdesignedtoboostthecoun
7、try’sdevelopment.Brunei’sculturesmainlyderivedfromtheOldMalayWorld.Basedonhistoricalrecords,variousculturalelementsandforeigncivilizationshavehadahandininfluencingthecultureofthiscountry.Suchinfluencescanbereachedtofourdominatingperiodsofanimism,Hinduism,IslamandtheWest,respectively
8、.However,itwasIslam
