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1、第一节先天性畸形（Section1congenitalmalformations）Theseventy-secondchapterisdeformityofmotionsystemThehumanmotorsystemconsistsofbones,muscles,muscles,legs,peripheralnervesandboneconnections.Accordingtotheetiology,itcanbedividedintoneurogenic,nonneurogenicandtraumaticmalf
2、ormations(seethechapterofboneandjointinjury).Section1congenitalmalformationsCongenitaltorticollisCongenitalmusculartorticollis(congenitaltorticollis)isoneofthefibrouscontractureofthesternocleidomastoidmuscle,whichcausestheneckandheadtofacedeviation.Theincidenceo
3、fbreechorforcepsincreasedneonataltorticollis.Variouscausesleadtofibrosisofsternocleidomastoidmuscle,andgraduallycontractureleadstotheappearanceoftorticollis.Thecauseofmusclefibrosisisnotveryclear.Mostscholarsthinkthatthebirthandpullbreechdelivery,andotherfactors
4、leadtosternocleidomastoidmuscleinjurybleeding,hematoma,contractureandformation.Whenthebabywasborn,thesideofthesternocleidomastoidmusclewasfoundtohaveamass,andthetumorwashardandhardin2and3weeksActivity,spindleshape,fingersize.Abouthalfayear,thetumorgraduallysubsi
5、ded,butthesternocleidomastoidmusclefibercontracture,shortened,asacableshape,pullthepillowandbiastotheaffectedside,lowercollartothehealthysideoftheshoulder.Withthegrowthanddevelopment,bilateralfacialasymmetry,healthysidefull,thesmallerside,theeyesarenotinahorizon
6、talline,seriousleadtocervicalscoliosisdeformity(Figure72,1).Thediagnosisanddifferentialdiagnosisarebasedontheclinicalmanifestations.Thesternocleidomastoidmuscleoftheaffectedsideischaracterizedbyalinelikecontracture,andtheheadandfacedeviationcanbeusedtomakeadefin
7、itediagnosis.Differentialdiagnosis:1.thecervicalabnormalitiesofskeletaltorticollis,suchasatlantoaxialsubluxation,hemivertebralbody,andsternocleidomastoidmusclecontracture,canbediagnosedbyXrayexamination.2.,neckinflammation,lymphnodeenlargement,localtendernessand
8、systemicsymptoms,nocontractureofsternocleidomastoidmuscle.Themuscularimbalanceofextraocularmusclesin3.eyes,andthecoordinationofneckdeviationinstrabismuspatients.Treat
