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1、选修五《有机化学基础》复习提纲（Takefiveorganicchemistrybasicsreviewoutline）TakefiveorganicchemistrybasicsreviewoutlineFirst,theorganiccompositionoftherepresentationExample:writeoutthemolecularformula,electronicformula,structuralformulaandsimplestformofaceticacidTwo,severalconcepts1.Functio
2、nalgroup:anatomoranatomicgroupthatdeterminesthechemicalpropertiesofanorganiccompound.Examples:thefunctionalgroupsoforganicmatterontherightarepointedoutandtheirpropertiesarepredicted.2,base:Example:theelectronformoftheaminogroupandthestructuralformofDingJiaregiven3,theconcept
3、ofhomologues:Forexample,CH3CH2OHandglycerol,tolueneandstyrenearehomologues4.IsomerclassesA.classisomerism--functionalisomerB.positionalisomerism-functionalgroupsbindondifferentcarbonatomsC.carbonchainisomerism-thenumberandsizeofbranchedchainsForexample,writetheisomerofC7H8O(
4、containingbenzenering)Three.NomenclatureoftypicalorganiccompoundsSuchas:Four.Thephysicalpropertiesoforganiccompounds1.boilingpoint(1)thesamekindofmatter:whenthenumberofcarbonatomsisdifferent,withtheincreaseofthenumberofcarbonatomsinthemolecule,theintermolecularforceincreases
5、,theboilingpointgraduallyincreases;thenumberofcarbonatomsatthesametime,themorebranches,thelowertheboilingpoint.(2)whenthenumberofcarbonatomsisthesame,thechangeofboilingpointisusuallycarboxylicacid>alcohol>aldehyde>alkane.2.watersolubility(1)commonorganiccompoundsdissolvedinw
6、ater(ormiscible)arelowalcohols,aldehydes,carboxylicacidsandsoon.(2)insolubleinwater(orwaterinsoluble)ofcommonorganiccompoundsare:hydrocarbons,halogenatedhydrocarbons(includingbromobenzene,carbontetrachloride),esters(includingoil),fattyacid,nitrobenzene.(3)thewatersolubilityo
7、fphenolisaffectedbytemperature,and650Ccandissolvewithwatermorethan650C.Thesolubilityofphenolinwaterislittle.3.density(1)organiccompoundswithlowerdensitythanwater(inaqueoussolution)arehydrocarbons(gasoline,benzene,benzenehomologues),chlorinatedalkanes,esters,oils,andhigherfat
8、tyacids.(2)greaterdensitythanwater(inaqueouslayer)oforganiccompounds:bromob
