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1、2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（30）（结束）PassageThirty-four(TheRelationshipbetweenBrainProcesswithMentalExperience) By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging.Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold
2、,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience. Neartheturnofthecentury,ithadbeensuggestedbyHeringthatdifferentmodesofsensation,suchaspain,tasteandcolor,mightbecorrelate
3、dwiththedischargeofspecifickindsofnervousenergy,However,subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity.Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslac
4、kingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.Althoughqualitativevarianceamongnerverigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheopposingview,namel
5、y,thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem.Accordingtothistheory,itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,but,rather,thedifferentareasoftheb
6、rainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview.Inoneexperiment,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationfromt
7、hevisualcortex,anauditorysensationfromtheauditorycortex,andsoon.Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasforaspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned,theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachother
8、seemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.However,corticalasdiverseasthoseofred,black,greenandwhite,ortouch,cold
