步进电机驱动设计论文

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1、摘要步进电动机已成为除直流电动机和交流电动机以外的第三类电动机,它是一种将电脉冲转化为角位移的执行机构，可以通过控制电脉冲个数和频率来控制角位移量和转速，从而达到准确定位和调速的目的；步进电机与其他类型电机相比具有易于开环精确控制、无积累误差等优点，在众多领域中获得了广泛的应用。为了得到性能优良的控制结果，出现了很多步进电机控制系统，其中采用单片机作为控制核心的控制系统得到了广泛的应用。本文用的摇杆是简单的计算机摇杆，其功能类似滑动变阻器，使摇杆的运动能转换成计算机能够处理的电子信息。本文主要研究用摇杆来控制步进电机

2、，以实现其正反转，调速等功能。硬件上优先选择了ATMEGA16单片机、计算机摇杆及其L297+L298驱动电路、单极两相四线步进电机，软件则通过编程来最终实现摇杆对步进电机方向，转速的控制，并在PROTEUS上成功仿真。本论文创新之处在于通过ATMEGA16单片机自带A/D转换器的优势实现了从电信号向数字信号的转换，从而提高了操纵杆的精确度。另则，脉冲相序是通过芯片产生的，省去了编程的繁琐。关键字：步进电机摇杆AVR单片机驱动控制A/D转换AbstractThesteppermotorhasbecomethethir

3、d-classmotorinadditiontotheoutsideoftheDCmotorandACmotor.Itistheimplementingagencywhichchangesanelectricalpulseintotheangulardisplacementanditshouldcontroltheelectricalimpulsesnumberandfrequencytocontroltheangulardisplacementquantityandspeedsoastoachievethepurp

4、oseoftheaccuratepositioningandspeed.Steppingmotorcomparedwithothertypesofmotorwhichiseasytoopenringprecisecontrol,noerroraccumulation,etcandithaswidespreadapplicationinmanyfields.Inordertoobtaingoodcontrolperformanceresults,therehasbeenalotofsteppingmotorcontro

5、lsystem,whichusesmicrocontrollerunitasthecontrolofthecontrolsystemhasbeenwidelyused.Inthispaper,usingthesimplecomputeristhejoystick,itsfunctionsimilarsliderheostat,makethesportscanconvertthecomputertobeabletodealwiththeelectronicinformation.Thistextstudiesthero

6、ckertocontrolthesteppermotortoachievethereversing,speedcontrolandotherfunctions.HardwarechoseATMEGA16microcontroller,computeranditsL297+L298rockerdrivecircuit,asingle-stagetwo-phasefour-wiresteppermotor.Softwareisprogrammedtofinallyrealizerockertosteppingmotord

7、irection,speedcontrol,andthePROTEUSsuccesssimulation.Inthetext,theinnovationliesinrealizingfromelectricalsignaltoAdigitalsignalconversionsoastoimprovetheaccuracyofthejoystickthroughtheATMEGA16microcontrollerofA/Dconverteradvantage.Anotheradvantageisthatpulseseq

8、uenceisproducedbychipeliminatingtheneedforcumbersomeprogramming.Keywords:SteppermotorjoystickpotentiometerAVRmicrocontrollerdrivecontrolA/Dconversion目录1绪论-1-1.1步进电机概念-1-1.2步