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1、WordsandTermsKinshipTermsKinshipTermsTableofkinshiptermsSidebar:relativetermsforrelativesKinshiptermshavebeenwidelyanalyzedacrosslanguages,whichoftenmakequitedifferentdistinctions.WebrokeEnglishkinshiptermsdownintoGeneration,SexandLineageearlier,buttotr
2、anslatetermsfromotherlanguageswewillneedtoaddadditionalsemanticcomponents.GenerationsThevalueforGenerationisanynumber,with0indicatingthebaseorcurrentgeneration,negativenumbersindicatingancestorsofthebasegeneration,andpositivenumbersindicatingdescendants
3、.LineageAsdescribed,LineagecanbeeitherDirect,ColinealorAblineal.SexSexiseitherMale,FemaleorCorresponding.SideoffamilyLanguagesoftenmakedistinctionsbetweenthesidesofafamily,suchasmaternal,paternal,step-andhalf-.ThesemanticcomponentofSideofFamilycantakean
4、yofthesevalues:{Maternal},{Paternal},{Step},{Half}and{Honorary}.Maternal/paternalOnedifferencemightbeassimpleasdistinguishingbetweenamother'sbrotherandafather'sbrother,asLatinandmanyotherEuropeanlanguagesdo.Latinhastwodifferentwordsfor"uncle"dependingon
5、theexactrelationship,avunculusfor"mother'sbrother"andpatruusfor"father'sbrother".ThusLatinlacksonewordtocollectivelydescribewhatwethinkofas"uncle"(howdidschoolchildrencry"surrender!"wewonder?)or--forthatmatter--"aunt".LikeOldFrench,otherRomancelanguages
6、lostthisdistinction,adoptingthematernaltermstorefertoeithersideofthefamily;thus,ModernFrenchhasoncleandtante,whichwereadoptedintoEnglishasuncleandauntrespectively,displacingtheOldEnglishtraditionofreferringtothisgenerationas"father'sbrother","mother'ssi
7、ster",etc.Thefamily'sdarksideBesidesreferringtothematernalorpaternalsideofafamily,itisalsopossibletorefertootherblooddistinctions,especiallythoseregardingre-marriage.Englishusestheprefixstep-torefertorelativesrelatedonlybyre-marriage,notblood,asintheevi
8、lstepmother(whichisnotredundant)andtheungratefulstepdaughter,forinstance.Englishusesthesuffix-in-lawtorefertorelativesrelatedbymarriage,asintheevilmother-in-lawandtheungratefuldaughter-in-law.Whenallthisfamiliallovebecomestoomuch
