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1、泗水河道变迁浅析中文摘要古泗水河道可以分为三个部分,上游即今天的泗河;济宁至徐州间为中游,此段河道被南四湖所淹覆;下游则在徐州以下,也就是今天的废黄河。泗水河道的变迁与黄河有着密切的联系。北宋之前,黄河基本上都是北流入渤海,偶尔的几次南决入淮泗,由于南决次数少、持续时间短,再加上此时黄河中游土地利用方式的转变使得黄河水含沙量降低,所以泗水河道所受影响较小。在此期间,泗水河道一直能够保持畅通而没有变化。南宋建炎二年(公元1128年)杜充决河,黄河从此开始了长期夺泗入淮时期。泗水河道所受影响也更甚于前代。但是从建炎二年一直到元代贾鲁治河,黄河水在淮
2、北平原上的河道并不固定,有时夺颍、涡直接入淮,有时夺汴入泗入淮。在这个时期内,泗水河道所受影响还是比较小的。贾鲁治河之后,黄河河道固定在徐州夺泗入淮,黄河水所含泥沙不是平均分布在淮北平原上,而是全部淤积在泗水河道下游。随着泗水河道下游河床的抬高,来自泗水中上游的水就很难通过原水道进入淮水,于是在济宁到徐州间的洼地形成壅水。与此同时,徐州之上的黄河决溢之水会横冲入泗水中游运道,使得泗水河道渐浅,明朝政府于是寻求更为安全的运道,放弃了泗水河道中游。济、徐间壅水的日渐积聚,终于在清中期形成了南四湖,泗水河道中游也沦于湖底。关键词:泗水河道变迁变迁
3、原因4AbstractTheancientSishuiwatercourseisdividedintothreeparts,upperstreamistheSiriverofday;themiddlestreamisbetweenJi’ningandXuzhou,thiswatercourseisfloodedbySouthFourLakes;downstreamthenatXuzhouthefollowing,isalsotodaydiscardedYellowRiverThechangeofSishuiwatercourseandYello
4、wRiverhastheinevitablecontactBeforeNorthernSongDynasty,theYellowRiverwasbasicallyandallnorthflowingintoBohaiSea,occasionallyafewsouthdefinitelywentintoHuairiverandSishuiriver,becausethetimesofsouthflowingwaslittle,thedurationwasshort,sotheinfluencethatSishuiwatercoursesubjec
5、tedtowassmaller.Duringthisperiod,theSishuiwatercoursehadbeenkeepingunimpededandhadnovariety.ThesecondyearofSouthernSongDynastyJanyan1128A.D.,DuchongexcavedYellowRiver,itstartedlong-termtoseizeSiRivertogointotheHuaiRiverperiodfromthenon.TheinfluencethatSishuiwatercoursewassub
6、jectedtoalsomorethanpreviousgeneration.ButfromthesecondyearofJanyanuntilYuanDynastyafterJialuimprvedtheYellowRiver,thewatercourseofYellowRiverwateronHuaibeiplainwasnotcertainlyfixed,sometimesseizedYingorGuotogointoHuaidirectly,sometimesseizedBiantogointoSishuiRiverInthisperi
7、od,theinfluencethatSishuiwatercoursewassubjectedtowasstillsmaller.AfterJialuimprovedtheYellowriver,itswatercoursefixedatXuzhouandseizedSiRivertogointoHuaiRiver,thesedimentthatYellowRiverwatercontainedwasnotequallydistributedonHuaibeiplain,butallwassiltupintheSishuiwatercours
8、edownstream.AlongwiththeriverbedofSishuiwatercoursedownstreamraising,waterw
