motivation and emotion - manson school district动机和情绪-曼森学区

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1、MotivationandEmotion10DefinitionsMotivation–internalstatethatactivateandgivesdirectiontothoughtsBiological:internalphysiologicalstateInternalfactorsandexternalcuesEmotion–positiveornegativefeelingsBiologicalchanges(physiologicalarousal)andcharacteristicbe

2、haviorMotivationandEmotionPrimaryMotivesBiologicalneedsFood,water,warmth,safety,andsexHomeostasis–biologicalthermostatsregulatedbyhomeostasismechanismsHunger–regulationoffoodintakeHypothalamus(lateral,ventromedial,andparaventricular)MotivationandEmotionHu

3、ngerHyperphagia–nosatietycenterNormalhungercuesStomachcontractionsBloodsugarlevels-glucosehelpsregulatehunger;glucagonentersbloodstreamandnomorehungerBodyfatlevels–setpointtoreduceeating;increasecellmetabolismMotivationandEmotionHungerPsychologicalfactors

4、MaturationandlearningbyexperienceReligiousandculturalbeliefsEmotionsIncentivesandrewardsMotivationandEmotionThirst:RegulationofWaterIntakeBiologicalregulation:cuestohypothalamusMouthdrynessCellfluidlevelschemicallysignalpituitaryglandandantidiuretichormon

5、e(ADH)entersbloodstreamTotalbloodvolumeaffectskidneysBloodvesselscontractAngiotensinreleasedintobloodPsychologicalfactorsinthirstMotivationandEmotionPsychologicalMotivesDesirefornovelstimulationExample:ratinT-mazeseeksnovelareaNeedsasrelatedtoone’shappine

6、ssandwell-beingOptimalarousaltheory–needtomaintainoptimallevelofarousalinnervoussystemLinkedtobrain’sreticularformationandsympatheticdivisionofautonomicnervoussystemMotivationandEmotionCognition,Language,andIntelligenceT-mazelikethoseusedtostudystimulusmo

7、tivationinratsPsychologicalMotivesArousalandperformanceYerkes-DodsonLawAffiliationmotivationAllhumanshaveneedtobesocialTheoriesonneedforaffiliationNeedgainedthroughlearningexperiencesAffiliativebehaviorspositivelyreinforcedNeedforemotionalcomfortintryingt

8、imesMotivationandEmotionCognition,Language,andIntelligenceIfarousalistoolow,performancewillbeinadequate;ifit’stoohigh,performancemaybecomedisruptedanddisorganized.Yerkes-DodsonLawLowHighLowHighLowHighLevelofarousalH