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1、QuarkSoup–ThePerfectLiquid?∗UlrichHeinz,TheOhioStateUniversitypresentedatAdS/CFTandNovelApproachestoHadronandHeavyIonPhysics,KITPC,Beijing,14Oct.2010∗WorksupportedbytheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy(DOE)RHICI(2000–2006)(buildingonSPSPb+Pb(1995–2000)):1.Thediscoverystage2.RHICII(
2、2009–)andLHCPb+Pb(2010–):TowardsquantitativecharacterizationofQGP(and,ofcourse,newdiscoveries–notpartofthistalk)KITPC,14Oct20101(42)RecreatingtheEarlyUniverseinthelaboratory...Planck2110EW1510QGP1210p,n,π,Κ,ρ,ω,...Hadronsd,He,O,Au,...T(K)710NucleiRHIC&LHCCMB310Atoms010To
3、day−43−11−5212182110101010101010t(sec)KITPC,14Oct20102(42)...withLittleBangs: $*H9 $X $*H9 $X"GyulassyRBRC/BNL12/16/0411KITPC,14Oct20103(42)Stagesofthe“LittleBang”:1.TwoLorentz-contracteddisks(AuorPbnuclei)approacheachothe
4、r2.Hardcollisionsproducehigh-pTparticles3.Softcollisionsthermalizethequark-gluonplasma;thefluidexpandshydrodynamically4.TheQGPhadronizes;thehadrongascontinuestoexpandsuntilfreeze-out;hadronsreachthedetector.KITPC,14Oct20104(42)TheQCDPhaseDiagramandHeavy-IonCollisionsParti
5、clePhysics↔Heavy-IonPhysics⇐⇒AtomicPhysics↔CondensedMatterPhysicsUlrichHeinzKITPC,14Oct20105(42)TheQCDequationofstate(EOS)atzerobaryondensityF.KarschandE.Laermann,hep-lat/0305025,in“Quark-GluonPlasma3”1645RHICεSB/T44414ε/Tp/TpSB/T412103LHC8SPS3flavour3flavour262flavour2+
6、1flavour‘‘2+1-flavour’’2flavour4puregaugeT1c=(173+/-15)MeV23εc~0.7GeV/fmT[MeV]T[MeV]00100200300400500600100200300400500600•CriticaltemperatureTcr=173±15MeV(≈100000×Tcenterofsun)•Criticalenergydensityε≃0.7GeV/fm3cr•ε≈0.8εSBforT∼>1.3Tcr,ε≈3pforT∼>2Tcr=⇒WeaklycoupledQGP?NO!
7、UlrichHeinzKITPC,14Oct20106(42)QuestionsdrivingtheHeavy-IonProgram:•WhatistheequationofstateofQCDmatter?•Howdidhadronsfirstform,andwhatistheoriginofthemassofvisiblematterintheuniverse?•Whatarethepropertiesofmatteratthehighestenergydensities?–degreesoffreedom?–viscosity?–c
8、olorandheatconductivity?–transportofconservedcharges(susceptibilities)?•WhichmicroscopicQCDmechanismsco
