schaum's outline of biology - fried, george h.

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1、TableOfcontents:PartI:FundamentalsofBiology.TheBasicStructureofScience.TheChemistryofLife:AnInorganicPerspective.TheChemistryofLife:TheOrganicLevel.PartII:BiologyoftheCell.TheCellularOrganizationofLife.EnergyTransformations.Photosynthesis.PartIII:GeneticsandInheritance.TheNatureoftheGene.Cell

2、Reproduction.TheMechanismofInheritance.ControlMechanismsinGenetics.Embryology.AnimalReproduction.PartIV:PlantBiology.BasicStructureandFunctioninVascularPlants.InteractionsofVascularPlantswithTheirEnvironment.PartV:AnimalBiology.Homeostasis:RegulationofPhysiologicalFunctions.AnimalNutritionand

3、theDigestiveSystem.TheExcretorySystem.TheCirculatorySystem.Immunology.TheRespiratorySystem.HormonesthetheEndocrineSystem.TheNervousSystem.TheMusculoskeletalSystem:SupportandMovement.AnimalBehavior.PartVI:EvolutionandEcology.Evolution:TheProcess.Ecology.OriginofLife.PartVII:BiologicalDiversity

4、.TheKingdomMonera(TheProkaryotes).TheKingdomFungi.TheKingdomPlantae.TheKingdomAnimalia.ThePrimates.PARTI:FundamentalsofBiologyChapter1TheBasicStructureofScience1.1THEMETHODSOFSCIENCEScienceisanorganizedsystemforthesystematicstudyofparticularaspectsofthenaturalworld.Thescopeofscienceislimitedt

5、othosethingsthatcanbeapprehendedbythesenses(sight,touch,hearing,etc.).Generally,sciencestressesanobjectiveapproachtothephenomenathatarestudied.Questionsaboutnatureaddressedbyscientiststendtoemphasizehowthingsoccurratherthanwhytheyoccur.Itinvolvestheapplicationofthescientificmethodtoproblemsfo

6、rmulatedbytrainedmindsinparticulardisciplines.Inthebroadestsense,thescientificmethodreferstotheworkinghabitsofpracticingscientistsastheircuriosityguidesthemindiscerningregularitiesandrelationshipsamongthephenomenatheyarestudying.Arigorousapplicationofcommonsensetothestudyandanalysisofdataalso

7、describesthemethodsofscience.Inamoreformalsense,thescientificmethodreferstothemodelforresearchdevelopedbyFrancisBacon(1561-1626).Thismodelinvolvesthefollowingsequence:1.Identifyingtheproblem2.Collectingdatawithintheproblemarea(byobservations,