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1、StevenWeinbergTheFirstThreeMinutesAmodemviewoftheoriginoftheuniverseFLAMINGOPublishedbyFontanaPaperbacksContentsPreface91Introduction:theGiantandtheCow132TheExpansionoftheUniverse203TheCosmicMicrowaveRadiationBackground524RecipeforaHotUniverse815TheFirstTh
2、reeMinutes1026AHistoricalDiversion1207TheFirstOne-hundredthSecond1308Epilogue:theProspectAhead145Afterword151TABLES:1.PropertiesofSomeElementaryParticles1632.PropertiesofSomeKindsofRadiation164Glossary165PrefaceThisbookgrewoutofatalkIgaveatthededicationoft
3、heUndergraduateScienceCenteratHarvardinNovember1973.ErwinGlikes,presidentandpublisherofBasicBooks,heardofthistalkfromamutualfriend,DanielBell,andurgedmetoturnitintoabook.AtfirstIwasnotenthusiasticabouttheidea.AlthoughIhavedonesmallbitsofresearchincosmology
4、fromtimetotime,myworkhasbeenmuchmoreconcernedwiththephysicsoftheverysmall,thetheoryofelementaryparticles.Also,elementaryparticlephysicshasbeenextraordinarilylivelyinthelastfewyears,andIhadbeenspendingtoomuchtimeawayfromit,writingnon-technicalarticlesforvar
5、iousmagazines.Iwantedverymuchtoreturnfulltimetomynaturalhabitat,thePhysicalReview.However,IfoundthatIcouldnotstopthinkingabouttheideaofabookontheearlyuniverse.WhatcouldbemoreinterestingthantheproblemofGenesis?Also,itisintheearlyuniverse,especiallythefirsth
6、undredthofasecond,thattheproblemsofthetheoryofelementaryparticlescometogetherwiththeproblemsofcosmology.Aboveall,thisisagoodtimetowriteabouttheearlyuniverse.Injustthelastdecadeadetailedtheoryofthecourseofeventsintheearlyuniversehasbecomewidelyacceptedasa's
7、tandardmodel'.Itisaremarkablethingtobeabletosayjustwhattheuniversewaslikeattheendofthefirstsecondorthefirstminuteorthefirstyear.Toaphysicist,theexhilaratingthingistobeabletoworkthingsoutnumerically,tobeabletosaythatatsuchandsuchatimethetemperatureanddensit
8、yandchemicalcompositionoftheuniversehadsuch10TheFirstThreeMinutesandsuchvalues.True,wearenotabsolutelycertainaboutallthis,butitisexcitingthatwearenowabletospeakofsuchthingswithanyconfidenceatall.Itwasthisexci
