industrial power and energy metering a state of the art review

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1、JournalofCleanerProduction41(2013)53e64ContentslistsavailableatSciVerseScienceDirectJournalofCleanerProductionjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/jcleproReviewIndustrialpowerandenergymeteringeastate-of-the-artreviewEoinO’Driscoll*,GarretE.O’DonnellMechanical&ManufacturingEngineeringDe

2、partment,TrinityCollegeDublin,CollegeGreen,Dublin2,IrelandarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:Thispaperprovidesareviewofthestate-of-the-artinelectricalenergymetering,withaparticularfocusReceived16May2012onenergymeteringincomplexmanufacturingfacilities.Higherlevelsofquantificationandvisibilit

3、yinReceivedinrevisedformenergyconsumptionisnecessaryduetotherisingenergycostsandproposedenvironmentaltaxes,8September2012whichareforcingindustrialenterprisestoimprovetheirenergyefficiency.Traditionally,decisionsAccepted16September2012relatingtotheplanningandoperationofcomplexmanufacturingf

4、acilitieshavebeenbasedsolelyonAvailableonline11October2012conventionalmetricssuchasrawmaterialcosts,labourcostsandproductivitywithrespecttomarketdemands.Energyconsumptionhasrarelybeenconsideredasadriverofmanufacturingstrategy;Keywords:howeverthisissueisbecomingmoreprevalent,andisatopicofc

5、oncernintheboardroomandatopicofEnergyMeteringsignificantresearchinterestinthelastfiveyears.ByintegratingenergyconsumptioncriteriaintoSustainabilityafacilitiesplanningandoperatingstructures,areductionofenergycostsistobeexpected.Suchcriteriaandmetricsincludepeakshaving,adaptingtheproductionpr

6、ogramtoexternalconditionssuchasenergypricesorrenewableenergyavailability,andimplementingbestpracticeenergymanagementstandards.Inordertoaccuratelyquantifytheeffectivenessofprojectsdesignedtoimproveenergyefficiency,itisfirstnecessarytoassesscurrentperformance.Powerandenergymeteringequipmentis

7、essentialforthisassessmentandinadditionalsoallowsthemeasurementofawidevarietyofadditionalelectricalstatisticsrelatedtopowerqualitysuchasvoltagesagsandsurgestomorecomplexpowerqualitydisturbances,forexampleharmonicdistortion.Thetechnologiesavailableandtheassociatedmea