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ID:14348914
大小:1.18 MB
页数:130页
时间:2018-07-28
《localising relational degrees of freedom in quantum mechanics [thesis] - h. cable》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、UniversityofLondonImperialCollegeLondonPhysicsDepartmentQuantumOpticsandLaserScienceGroupLocalisingRelationalDegreesofFreedominQuantumMechanicsbyHugoVaughanCableThesissubmittedinpartialfulfilmentoftherequirementsforthedegreeofarXiv:quant-ph/0602107v113Feb2006
2、DoctorofPhilosophyoftheUniversityofLondonandtheDiplomaofMembershipofImperialCollege.October2005AbstractInthisthesisIpresentawide-rangingstudyoflocalisingrelationaldegreesoffreedom,contributingtothewiderdebateonrelationisminquantummechanics.Asetofanalyticalan
3、dnumericalmethodsaredevelopedandappliedtoadiverserangeofphysicalsystems.Chapter2looksattheinterferenceoftwoopticalmodeswithnopriorphasecorrelation.Casesofinitialmixedstates—specificallyPoissonianstatesandthermalstates—areinvestigatedinadditiontothewell-knownc
4、aseofinitialFockstates.Forthepurestatecase,andassuminganidealsetup,a“relationalSchr¨odingercat”stateemergeslocalisedattwovaluesoftherelativephase.Circumstancesunderwhichthistypeofstateisdestroyedareexplained.Whentheapparatusissubjecttoinstabilities,thestates
5、whichemergearesharplylocalisedatonevalue.Suchstatesarepredictedtobelonglived.Itisshownthatthelocalisationoftherelativephasecanbeasgood,andasrapid,forinitiallymixedstatesasforthepurestatecase.Chapter3extendstheprogrammeofthepreviouschapterdiscussingavarietyof
6、topics—thecaseofasymmetricinitialstateswithintensityverymuchgreaterinonemode,thetransitivepropertiesofthelocalisingprocess,someapplicationstoquantumstateengineering(inparticularforcreatinglargephotonnumberstates),andfinally,arelationalperspectiveonsuperselect
7、ionrules.Chapter4considersthespatialinterferenceofindependentlypreparedBose-Einsteincondensates,anareawhichhasattractedmuchattentionsincetheworkofJavanainenandYoo.Thelocalisationoftherelativeatomicphaseplaysakeyrolehere,anditisshownthatthephaselocalisesmuchf
8、asterthanisintimatedinearlierstudieslookingattheemergenceofawell-definedpatternofinterference.Anovelanalyticalmethodisused,andthepredictedlocalisationiscomparedwiththeoutputofafullnumericalsimula
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