自由曲面光学镜片的设计

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1、自由曲面光学镜面的设计摘要光学自由曲面具有非对称面形、灵活的空间布局、丰富的设计自由度等特性。自由曲面是应用最广泛的曲面形状之一，如能改善人类视觉质量的渐进多焦点眼用镜片，就是自由曲面技术在眼用光学镜片中的成功应用。本文通过设计渐进多焦点眼用镜片，并以之为例研究自由曲面光学镜片的性质及特点。渐进镜片(英文progressiveadditionlenses简称PAL）是针对老视症状的一种有效的解决手段，与各类传统老视镜片相比较具有许多优点，本文对这种镜片的设计和评价进行研究。首先，介绍渐变镜片的渐变结构特征和矫正原理，比较分析软设计和硬设计之间的区别。其次

2、，介绍渐进多焦点眼用镜片的基本结构。应用基于狄利克雷原则的软设计方法，阐述渐进多焦点眼用镜片子午线设计的基本原理，构建子午线多项式，给出子午线设计需满足的条件。在子午线设计的基础上，设计渐进多焦点眼用镜片等屈光度轮廓线，在此基础上设计镜片矢高，确定镜片面形。然后，根据曲面的微分几何理论，给出渐变镜片的性能评价方法，即计算镜片的球面度及柱面度。关键词渐进镜片；老视；软设计；子午线IIDesignoffree-formsurfaceopticallensesAbstractFree-formlenshasasymmetricsurfaceshape,flex

3、iblespacelayout,extensivedesignfreedomandothercharacteristics.Freesurfaceisoneofthecurvedshapeswhicharemostwidelyapplied.Forinstance,theprogressiveadditionlenses（PAL)whichcanimprovethequalityofhumanvisionareasuccessfulexamplethatthefree-formtechnologyisappliedtoopticallenses.Inth

4、ispaper,thedesignoftheprogressiveadditionlensesisintroduced,andthenatureandcharacteristicsoftheopticallenseswillberesearchedthroughit.Theprogressiveadditionlensesisanewkindofeffectivesolutiontopresbyopia,ithasmanyadvantagesoverotherlensesdealingwithpresbyopia.Investigationofitsde

5、signandevaluationmethodisshowninthispaper.Variouskindsofpresbyopialensisreviewedandcompared.ThebasicfeatureandprincipleofthePALareintroducedandthedifferencebetweenthecharacteristicsofharddesignandsoftdesignisdescribedaswell.Thestructureofprogressiveadditionlensesisintroduced,andt

6、hesoftmethodbasedonDirichletprincipleisgivenindetail.Theprincipleofdesigningmeridionalpowerlawsforprogressiveadditionlensesisexpoundedbasedonpolynomial,andthecriterionofdesigningmeridionalpowerlawsisgivenout.Onthebasisofdesigningmeridionalpowerlaws,thevectorheightandtheisopowerco

7、ntoursaredesignedinordertodeterminethesurfacesofprogressiveadditionlenses.Accordingtothedifferentialgeometrytheoryofcurvingsurfaces,PAL’sperformancesareevaluated,andthemeansurfacepowerandtheconstantsurfaceastigmatismarecalculated.Keywordsprogressiveadditionlenses,presbyopia,softd

8、esign,meridianlineII目录第1章绪论11.1引言11.2渐进多