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1、BHUTANENVIRONMENTOUTLOOK2012(ZeroDraftworkingfileforDiscussiononly)123
2、BhutanEnvironmentOutlook2013BHUTANENVIRONMENTOUTLOOK2012(ZeroDraftworkingfileforDiscussiononly)123
3、BhutanEnvironmentOutlook2013BhutanEnvironmentOutlook2012Copyright©NEC2013NationalEnvironmentCommissio
4、nSecretariatRoyalGovernmentofBhutanPostBox466ThimphuReportDesignandLayout:123
5、BhutanEnvironmentOutlook2013Acknowledgements123
6、BhutanEnvironmentOutlook2013TableofContentsTableofContentsBACKGROUNDTOTHENATIONALENVIRONMENTOUTLOOKREPORT12Introduction12STATEOFTHEENVIRONMENTREP
7、ORTING14ContextandPprocess14Methodology16BhutanEnvironmentOutlook2013:ConceptualFramework18Drivers18Pressures18State-and-Ttrends19Impacts19Responses20PART1:PEOPLE,ENVIRONMENTANDDEVELOPMENT21Chapter1:EnvironmentandEconomicDevelopment22Topography,Geology,andSoil22Climate22
8、Socio-economy23Demography23HealthSservicesandIinfrastructure25Poverty26Urbanization26Migration27MillenniumDevelopmentGoals28EconomicDevelopment29Agriculture30Energy32Transport33123
9、BhutanEnvironmentOutlook2013Industries33Tourism34PART2:STATEANDTRENDSOFTHEENVIRONMENTANDEC
10、OSYSTEMS362.LandEnvironment37Drivers37Socio-economicDevelopment37PopulationGgrowth37PressureonLandEnvironment37UnsustainableAgriculture38ConversionofAgriculturalandForestland38Mining40InfrastructureDevelopment40LivestockRearingandGrazing41ForestHarvesting42ForestFire43So
11、lidWasteGenerationandDisposal46State47LandEnvironment47DegradedLand49Solidwaste50Impact50Responses51Reforestation51CommunityForestation52SustainableForestManagement53ForestFireVolunteer54NationalForestInventory(NFI)54SustainableLandManagementInterventions54SolidWasteMana
12、gement55EnvironmentFriendlyRoadConstruction(EFRC)563.WaterEnvironment58Driver59123
13、BhutanEnvironmentOutlook2013PopulationGgrowth59EconomicandSocialDevelopment59ClimateChange59Pressure59IncreaseinWwaterCconsumptionandDdemand59SolidWwasteGgenerationandDdisposal63Challenges
14、ofWwaterSsupplyandMmanagement63EncroachmentofWwatershedAarea63IncreasedRrunofffromUurbanAareas64Deterio
