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1、IntroductiontoNeutrinosP.RamondInstituteforFundamentalTheoryDepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofFloridaGainesville,Fl32611WediscusscurrenttheoreticalandexperimentalissuesassociatedwiththerecentSuperKamiokandediscovery.WesurveytheoreticalmodelsforpredictingsthenewStandardModelparametersneededtoexplainth
2、isdiscovery,andpointouthowquark-leptonsymmetries,eitherintheframeworkofGrandUni cation,orofstringtheories,canbeusedtodeterminethem.1NeutrinoStoryOnceitbecameapparentthatthespectrumofelectronswascontinuous1;2,somethingdrastichadtobedone!InDecember1930,inaletterthatstartswithtypicalpanache,DearRadio
3、activeLadiesandGentlemen...",W.Pauliputsforwardadesperate"wayout:thereisacompanionneutralparticletotheelectron.Thuscametotheawarenessofhumansonourplanet,theexistenceoftheneutrino,sonamedin1933byFermi(Pauli'soriginalnameforitwasneutron,supersededbyChadwick'sdiscoveryofaheavyneutralparticle),implyin
4、gthatthereissomethingsmallaboutit,speci callyitsmass,althoughnobodyatthattimethoughtitwasthatsmall.Fifteenyearslater,B.Pontecorvo3proposestheunthinkable,thatneutri-noscanbedetected:anelectronneutrinothathitsa37Clatomwilltransformitintotheinertradioactivegas37Ar,whichthencanbestoredandthende-tectedt
5、hroughitsradioactivedecay.Pontecorvodidnotpublishthereport,perhapsbecauseofthetimes,orbecauseFermithoughttheideaingeniousbutarXiv:hep-ph/0001007v12Jan2000notimmediatelyachievable.In1956,usingascintillationcounterexperimenttheyhadproposedthreeyearsearlier4,CowanandReines5discoverelectronantineutrino
6、sthroughthereaction+p!e++n.Cowanpassedawaybefore1995,theyearFredReinesewasawardedtheNobelPrizefortheirdiscovery.Thereemergetwolessonsinneutrinophysics:notonlyispatiencerequiredbutalsolongevity:ittook26yearsfrombirthtodetectionandthenanother39fortheNobelCommitteetorecognizetheachievement!Thisshould
7、encouragefuturephysiciststotraintheirchildrenattheearliestagetofollowtheirfootsteps,inordertoestablishdynastiesofneutrinophysicists.PerhapsthenNobelprizeswillbeawardedtoscienti cfamilies?In1956,itwasrumored
