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1、PrefaceTheoreticalanalysisandcomputationalmodelingareimportanttoolsforcharacterizingwhatnervoussystemsdo,determininghowtheyfunction,andunderstandingwhytheyoperateinparticularways.Neuroscienceencompassesapproachesrangingfrommolecularandcellularstudiestohumanpsychophysicsandps
2、ychology.Theoreticalneuroscienceencour-agescross-talkamongthesesub-disciplinesbyconstructingcompactrep-resentationsofwhathasbeenlearned,buildingbridgesbetweendifferentlevelsofdescription,andidentifyingunifyingconceptsandprinciples.Inthisbook,wepresentthebasicmethodsusedforth
3、esepurposesanddis-cussexamplesinwhichtheoreticalapproacheshaveyieldedinsightintonervoussystemfunction.Thequestionswhat,how,andwhyareaddressedbydescriptive,mecha-nistic,andinterpretivemodels,eachofwhichwediscussinthefollowingchapters.Descriptivemodelssummarizelargeamountsofex
4、perimentaldescriptivemodelsdatacompactlyyetaccurately,therebycharacterizingwhatneuronsandneuralcircuitsdo.Thesemodelsmaybebasedlooselyonbiophysical,anatomical,andphysiologicalfindings,buttheirprimarypurposeistode-scribephenomenanottoexplainthem.Mechanisticmodels,ontheothermec
5、hanisticmodelshand,addressthequestionofhownervoussystemsoperateontheba-sisofknownanatomy,physiology,andcircuitry.Suchmodelsoftenformabridgebetweendescriptivemodelscouchedatdifferentlevels.Inter-pretivemodelsusecomputationalandinformation-theoreticprinciplestointerpretivemode
6、lsexplorethebehavioralandcognitivesignificanceofvariousaspectsofner-voussystemfunction,addressingthequestionofwhynervoussystemop-erateastheydo.Itisoftendifficultoidentifytheappropriatelevelofmodelingforapartic-ularproblem.Afrequentmistakeistoassumethatamoredetailedmodelisneces
7、sarilysuperior.Becausemodelsactasbridgesbetweenlevelsofunderstanding,theymustbedetailedenoughtomakecontactwiththelowerlevelyetsimpleenoughtoyieldclearresultsatthehigherlevel.Draft:December17,2000TheoreticalNeuroscience2OrganizationandApproachThisbookisorganizedintothreeparts
8、onthebasisofgeneralthemes.PartI(chapters1-4)isdevotedtothecodingofinformati
