introduction to string - kiritsis

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1、CERN-TH/97-218hep-th/9709062INTRODUCTIONTOSUPERSTRINGTHEORYEliasKiritsisTheoryDivision,CERN,CH-1211,Geneva23,SWITZERLANDAbstractIntheselecturenotes,anintroductiontosuperstringtheoryispresented.Classi-calstrings,covariantandlight-conequantization,supersymmetricstring

2、s,anomalycancelation,compactication,T-duality,supersymmetrybreaking,andthresholdcorrectionstolow-energycouplingsarediscussed.Abriefintroductiontonon-perturbativedualitysymmetriesisalsoincluded.arXiv:hep-th/9709062v230Mar1998LecturespresentedattheCatholicUniversityof

3、LeuvenandattheUniversityofPadovaduringtheacademicyear1996-97.TobepublishedbyLeuvenUniversityPress.CERN-TH/97-218March1997e-mail:KIRITSIS@NXTH04.CERN.CHContents1Introduction52Historicalperspective63Classicalstringtheory93.1Thepointparticle............................

4、....103.2Relativisticstrings...............................133.3Oscillatorexpansions..............................194Quantizationofthebosonicstring234.1Covariantcanonicalquantization.......................234.2Light-conequantization.............................264.3S

5、pectrumofthebosonicstring.........................264.4Pathintegralquantization...........................284.5Topologicallynon-trivialworld-sheets.....................304.6BRSTprimer..................................314.7BRSTinstringtheoryandthephysicalspectrum.....

6、.........335Interactionsandloopamplitudes366Conformaleldtheory386.1Conformaltransformations...........................386.2Conformallyinvarianteldtheory.......................416.3Radialquantization...............................436.4Example:thefreeboson...........

7、.................466.5Thecentralcharge...............................486.6Thefreefermion................................496.7Modeexpansions................................506.8TheHilbertspace................................526.9Representationsoftheconformalalgebra...

8、................546.10Anealgebras.................................576.11FreefermionsandO(N)anesymmetry...................6016.12N