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1、双语阅读:研究表明获铜牌比获得银牌更开心2010年02月21日08:36英语点津我要评论(0)字号:T
2、TSlovenianbronzemedallistPetraMajdickisseshermedalduringthemedalceremonyfortheCrosscountryWomen'ssprinteventoftheVancouver2010WinterOlympicsatWhistlerMedalPlazavenue,onFebruary17,inWhistler.FinishingfirstiswhatmattersattheWinterOlympics,butscie
3、ntistsbelievethatcominghomethirdisoftenbetterthanbeingsecondbest.(Agencies)FinishingfirstiswhatmattersattheWinterOlympics,butscientistsbelievethatcominghomethirdisoftenbetterthanbeingsecondbest.It'salltodowithatongue-twistingphenomenoncalled"counterfactualthinking"or"whatmighthavebeen",saidVicto
4、riaMedvec,apsychologistanduniversityprofessor."Onaverage,bronzemedallistsarehappierthansilvermedallists,"shetoldtheGlobeandMailnewspaper,explainingthatthird-placewinnershaveupwardthoughts("atleastIwon")thatincreasesatisfaction.Instarkcontrast,thosewhocomeinsecondtendtohavedownward"ifonly"thought
5、sthatdecreasehappiness.Themosttellingstudyinvolvingathletesused footagefrommedalceremoniesatthe1992SummerOlympicsinBarcelona.ResearchersincludingMedvecfromtheNorthwesternUniversity'sSchoolofManagementinIllinois,askedsubjectstoratethesatisfactionofbronzeandsilvermedalwinnersbasedontheirfacialexpr
6、essions.Thestudyrevealedadiscrepancybetweenperformanceandsatisfaction,saidMedvec."Thosewhoperformobjectivelybettercanactuallyfeelworsethanthosewhotheyoutperformed."Expectationsfromsponsors,teammatesandfanscancontributetoanathlete'ssenseofdisappointment,accordingtoSaulMiller,aVancouver-basedpsych
7、ologist.在冬奥会上争得第一名固然重要,但是科学家认为摘得铜牌而归比摘得银牌感觉更好。心理学家、大学教授维多利亚麦维琪说,这一切都和“反向思考”现象有关,也就是“本来可以怎么样”的想法。她告诉《环球邮报》说:“一般来说,铜牌获得者比银牌获得者更快乐。”她解释说,第三名的获得者会抱着积极向上的想法(“至少我得奖了”),这种想法增加了满足感。与此构成鲜明对比的是,那些获得第二名的人倾向于抱有“要是……就好了”的消极想法,这种想法减少了他们的快乐。最能说明问题的和运动员相关的研究采用了1992年巴塞罗那夏季奥运会的颁奖典礼的录像带片段。研究者包括来自美国伊利诺斯州西北大学管理学院的麦维
8、琪教授。他们让参与者根据录像带上运动员的面部表情来评定铜牌和银牌获得者的满意度。麦维琪说,研究揭示,运动员的表现和满意度之间有落差。“实际上,那些客观上表现较好的人比那些表现不如他们的人的满意度要差。”温哥华心理学家索尔米勒说,来自赞助商、队员和支持者的期待都可能造成运动员的失落感。Vocabulary:counterfactual:expressingwhathasnothappenedbutcould,would,ormightunderd