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1、心脏超声课件目的与要求掌握:心脏超声检查的方法;胸骨旁左室长轴切面和心尖四腔切面显示的解剖结构;正常心脏各瓣膜的彩色血流显像和频谱多普勒表现;房间隔缺损和二尖瓣狭窄的超声诊断要点;熟悉:心脏超声检查的途径及准备;常用心脏切面的超声探查方法及声像图识别;M型超声心动图3个标准探查区的功能及其显示的解剖结构;了解:二尖瓣狭窄、房间隔缺损的病理解剖和病理生理;超声心动图新技术在二尖瓣狭窄、房间隔缺损诊断中的应用。一、心脏超声检查途径及准备(一)心脏超声检查途径1、经胸超声心动图(transthorac
2、icechocardiography,TTE)2、经食管超声心动图(transesophagealechocardiography,TEE)3、心腔内超声心动图(intracardiacechocardiography,ICE)(二)心脏超声检查前的准备1、经胸超声心动图:一般不需作特殊准备,婴幼儿需镇静催眠。2、心腔内超声:同心导管手术的术前准备。3、经食管超声心动图①检查前禁食4-8小时,检查当日晨可服用镇静剂;②向患者及家属说明术中可能发生的意外,签署知情同意书;③准备急救药物和设备;④消
3、毒探头;⑤儿童应施行全身麻醉。二、心脏超声检查方法(一)二维超声心动图(two-dimensionalechocardiography,2DE)1、定义二维超声心动图又称切面超声心动图(cross-sectionalechocardiography)。系利用超声波的反射原理,将心脏大血管各解剖结构反射回来的回波信号以光点的形式组成切面图像。能直观、实时、动态显示心脏和大血管解剖结构的形态大小、空间位置、连续关系等。是hotstandbymode,ensurethattherehabilitati
4、oncentre7*24hours/normal,securenetworkworkingcondition.networkoutletisequippedwithafirewall.Guaranteesstableandsecureoperationofthenetwork.Accordingtothestar-shapedstructureofcomputernetworkstoachievemedicalgroundfloorsecondflooraccesslayerswitchesto
5、groundfivelayerInterconnectaswellasrehabilitation,1,2ndflooraccesslayerswitchinterconnect.Networkroute12-coresingle-modefiber-opticcablethroughaweakpipelinelayingperpendiculartotheshaftfromtheFDtothedeviceoffloorsofBD.48datapointscorrespondingtoeachp
6、airofopticalfiberintranet,Internet24datapoints,andfullyreservestandby,rehabilitationcenterforfuturefacilityexpansionneeds.convenientandeconomical.Internetmedicalroomascoretelecommunicationline,thefour-storeyinformationdirectlyintoalayerofweaklines,wi
7、th1largeGigabitswitchasthecoreofInternetSystem.meettherehabhospital-wideInternetapplications,dataexchangeandsocialaccess,publicinformationrelease.Together,accessswitchselectionbasedonfast,loadpower,securityandstability,businessintegration,easeofmanag
8、ementandmaintenanceofequipmentbasicconditionstomeethospital-widedataexchange,toprovideuserswithaccesstomultiplebusiness,Exchangeandintegrationofsecurenetwork.Networkoutletisequippedwith心脏超声最基本、最重要的检查方法。声像图一般采用扇形扫描显示,其尖端(扇尖)为近场,显示邻近探头的组织结构,位于屏幕的上方;扇弧为