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1、1Introduction1.1TheDefinitionofMythologyTheterm“mythology”canrefereithertothestudyofmyths(e.g.comparativemythology),ortoabodyorcollectionofmyths(amythos,e.g.,Incamythology).Infolkloristics,amythisasacrednarrativeusuallyexplaininghowtheworldorhumankindcametobe
2、initspresentform,although,inaverybroadsense,thewordcanrefertoanytraditionalstory.Mythstypicallyinvolvesupernaturalcharactersandareendorsedbyrulersorpriests.Theymayariseasoverelaboratedaccountsofhistoricalevents,asallegoryfororpersonificationofnaturalphenomena
3、,orasanexplanationofritual.Theyaretransmittedtoconveyreligiousoridealizedexperience,toestablishbehavioralmodels,andtoteach.ThecriticalinterpretationofmythgoesbackasfarasthePresocratics.Euhemeruswasoneofthemostimportantpre-modernmythologists.Heinterpretedmyths
4、asaccountsofactualhistoricalevents,distortedovermanyretellings.ThisviewofmythsandtheiroriginiscriticisedbyPlatointhePhaedrus(229d),inwhichSocratessaysthatthisapproachistheprovinceofonewhois"vehementlycuriousandlaborious,andnotentirelyhappy..."ThePlatonistsgen
5、erallyhadamoreprofoundandcomprehensiveviewofthesubject.Sallustius,forexample,dividesmythsintofivecategories–theological,physical(orconcerningnaturallaws),animastic(orconcerningsoul),materialandmixed.Thislastbeingthosemythswhichshowtheinteractionbetweentwoormo
6、reofthepreviouscategoriesandwhich,hesays,areparticularlyusedininitiations.MirceaEliadearguedthatoneoftheforemostfunctionsofmythistoestablishmodelsforbehaviorandthatmythsmayalsoprovideareligiousexperience.Bytellingorreenactingmyths,membersoftraditionalsocietie
7、sdetachthemselvesfromthepresentandreturntothemythicalage,therebybringingthemselvesclosertothedivine.Itisworthtobestudied.Sowechoosethissubject.1.2AgeneralintroductiontoChineseandGreekmythologyAmongthefourgreatcivilizationsinhumanhistory,itseemsthatonlytheChin
8、eseculturehas20managedtobekeptasoneofthesignificantculturalentiretodate.Basedonitsextensive,profoundandtimehonouredculture,Chinahasexistedintheworldforaslongasfivethousandyears.Chinesemyt
