遗传学名词解释 英文版

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1、遗传学名词解释abortivetransductionAneventinwhichtransducingDNAfailstobeincorporatedintotherecipientchromosome.Seetransduction.accessionnumberAnidentifyingnumberorcodeassignedtoanucleotideoraminoacidsequenceforentryandcataloginginadatabase.acentricchromosomeChromosomeorchromosomefragmentwithnocentromere.

2、acridinedyesAclassoforganiccompoundsthatbindtoDNAandintercalateintothedouble-strandedstructure,producinglocaldisruptionsofbasepairing.Thesedisruptionsresultinnucleotideadditionsordeletionsinthenextroundofreplication.acrocentricchromosomeChromosomewiththecentromerelocatedveryclosetooneend.Humanchr

3、omosomes13,14,15,21,and22areacrocentric.activesiteThesubstrate-bindingsiteofanenzyme;inotherproteins,theportionwhosestructuralintegrityisrequiredforfunction.AdaptationAheritablecomponentofthephenotypethatconfersanadvantageinsurvivalandreproductivesuccess.Theprocessbywhichorganismsadapttocurrenten

4、vironmentalconditions.additivegenesSeepolygenicinheritance.additivevarianceGeneticvarianceattributedtothesubstitutionofonealleleforanotheratagivenlocus.Thisvariancecanbeusedtopredicttherateofresponsetophenotypicselectioninquantitativetraits.A-DNAAnalternativeformofright-handed,double-helicalDNA.I

5、tshelixismoretightlycoiledthanthemorecommonB-DNA,with11basepairsperfullturn.IntheAform,thebasesinthehelixaredisplacedlaterallyandtiltedinrelationtothelongitudinalaxis.Itisnotyetclearwhetherthisformhasbiologicalsignificance.SeeB-DNA.albinismAconditioncausedbythelackofmelaninproductionintheiris,hai

6、r,andskin.Inhumans,itismostofteninheritedasanautosomalrecessivetrait.AlkaptonuriaAnautosomalrecessiveconditioninhumanscausedbylackoftheenzymehomogentisicacidoxidase.Urineofhomozygousindividualsturnsdarkuponstandingbecauseofoxidationofexcretedhomogentisicacid.Thecartilageofhomozygousadultsblackens

7、fromdepositionofapigmentderivedfromhomogentisicacid.Affectedindividualsoftendeveloparthriticconditions.alleleOneofthepossiblealternativeformsofagene,oftendistinguishedfromotherallelesbyphenotypiceffects.allele-specific