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ID:10114664
大小:347.05 KB
页数:43页
时间:2018-06-10
《遗传学名词解释 英文版》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、遗传学名词解释abortivetransductionAneventinwhichtransducingDNAfailstobeincorporatedintotherecipientchromosome.Seetransduction.accessionnumberAnidentifyingnumberorcodeassignedtoanucleotideoraminoacidsequenceforentryandcataloginginadatabase.acentricchromosomeChromosomeorchromosomefragmentwith
2、nocentromere.acridinedyesAclassoforganiccompoundsthatbindtoDNAandintercalateintothedouble-strandedstructure,producinglocaldisruptionsofbasepairing.Thesedisruptionsresultinnucleotideadditionsordeletionsinthenextroundofreplication.acrocentricchromosomeChromosomewiththecentromerelocated
3、veryclosetooneend.Humanchromosomes13,14,15,21,and22areacrocentric.activesiteThesubstrate-bindingsiteofanenzyme;inotherproteins,theportionwhosestructuralintegrityisrequiredforfunction.AdaptationAheritablecomponentofthephenotypethatconfersanadvantageinsurvivalandreproductivesuccess.The
4、processbywhichorganismsadapttocurrentenvironmentalconditions.additivegenesSeepolygenicinheritance.additivevarianceGeneticvarianceattributedtothesubstitutionofonealleleforanotheratagivenlocus.Thisvariancecanbeusedtopredicttherateofresponsetophenotypicselectioninquantitativetraits.A-DN
5、AAnalternativeformofright-handed,double-helicalDNA.ItshelixismoretightlycoiledthanthemorecommonB-DNA,with11basepairsperfullturn.IntheAform,thebasesinthehelixaredisplacedlaterallyandtiltedinrelationtothelongitudinalaxis.Itisnotyetclearwhetherthisformhasbiologicalsignificance.SeeB-DNA.
6、albinismAconditioncausedbythelackofmelaninproductionintheiris,hair,andskin.Inhumans,itismostofteninheritedasanautosomalrecessivetrait.AlkaptonuriaAnautosomalrecessiveconditioninhumanscausedbylackoftheenzymehomogentisicacidoxidase.Urineofhomozygousindividualsturnsdarkuponstandingbecau
7、seofoxidationofexcretedhomogentisicacid.Thecartilageofhomozygousadultsblackensfromdepositionofapigmentderivedfromhomogentisicacid.Affectedindividualsoftendeveloparthriticconditions.alleleOneofthepossiblealternativeformsofagene,oftendistinguishedfromotherallelesbyphenotypiceffects.all
8、ele-specific
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