遗传学名词解释 英文版

《遗传学名词解释 英文版》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、遗传学名词解释abortivetransductionAneventinwhichtransducingDNAfailstobeincorporatedintotherecipientchromosome.Seetransduction.accessionnumberAnidentifyingnumberorcodeassignedtoanucleotideoraminoacidsequenceforentryandcataloginginadatabase.acentricchromosomeChromosomeorchromosomefragmentwith

2、nocentromere.acridinedyesAclassoforganiccompoundsthatbindtoDNAandintercalateintothedouble-strandedstructure,producinglocaldisruptionsofbasepairing.Thesedisruptionsresultinnucleotideadditionsordeletionsinthenextroundofreplication.acrocentricchromosomeChromosomewiththecentromerelocated

3、veryclosetooneend.Humanchromosomes13,14,15,21,and22areacrocentric.activesiteThesubstrate-bindingsiteofanenzyme;inotherproteins,theportionwhosestructuralintegrityisrequiredforfunction.AdaptationAheritablecomponentofthephenotypethatconfersanadvantageinsurvivalandreproductivesuccess.The

4、processbywhichorganismsadapttocurrentenvironmentalconditions.additivegenesSeepolygenicinheritance.additivevarianceGeneticvarianceattributedtothesubstitutionofonealleleforanotheratagivenlocus.Thisvariancecanbeusedtopredicttherateofresponsetophenotypicselectioninquantitativetraits.A-DN

5、AAnalternativeformofright-handed,double-helicalDNA.ItshelixismoretightlycoiledthanthemorecommonB-DNA,with11basepairsperfullturn.IntheAform,thebasesinthehelixaredisplacedlaterallyandtiltedinrelationtothelongitudinalaxis.Itisnotyetclearwhetherthisformhasbiologicalsignificance.SeeB-DNA.

6、albinismAconditioncausedbythelackofmelaninproductionintheiris,hair,andskin.Inhumans,itismostofteninheritedasanautosomalrecessivetrait.AlkaptonuriaAnautosomalrecessiveconditioninhumanscausedbylackoftheenzymehomogentisicacidoxidase.Urineofhomozygousindividualsturnsdarkuponstandingbecau

7、seofoxidationofexcretedhomogentisicacid.Thecartilageofhomozygousadultsblackensfromdepositionofapigmentderivedfromhomogentisicacid.Affectedindividualsoftendeveloparthriticconditions.alleleOneofthepossiblealternativeformsofagene,oftendistinguishedfromotherallelesbyphenotypiceffects.all

8、ele-specific