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1、Forme,thisstorybeginsabout15yearsago,whenIwasahospicedoctorattheUniversityofChicago.AndIwastakingcareofpeoplewhoweredyingandtheirfamiliesintheSouthSideofChicago.AndIwasobservingwhathappenedtopeopleandtheirfamiliesoverthecourseoftheirterminalillness.Andinmylab,Iwasstudyingthewidowereffect,whichisave
2、ryoldideainthesocialsciences,goingback150years,knownas"dyingofabrokenheart."So,whenIdie,mywife'sriskofdeathcandouble,forinstance,inthefirstyear.AndIhadgonetotakecareofoneparticularpatient,awomanwhowasdyingofdementia.Andinthiscase,unlikethiscouple,shewasbeingcaredforbyherdaughter.Andthedaughterwasex
3、haustedfromcaringforhermother.Andthedaughter'shusband,healsowassickfromhiswife'sexhaustion.AndIwasdrivinghomeoneday,andIgetaphonecallfromthehusband'sfriend,callingmebecausehewasdepressedaboutwhatwashappeningtohisfriend.SohereIgetthiscallfromthisrandomguythat'shavinganexperiencethat'sbeinginfluenced
4、bypeopleatsomesocialdistance.对于我来说，这个故事是15年前开始的。当时我是芝加哥大学安养院的医生，在芝加哥的南边地区照顾临终的病人和他们的亲属。我借此来观察疾病晚期病人和家属所经历的一切。而在我的实验室里，我当时正在研究“寡妇效应”，这是社会科学中非常古老的一个观点，可追述到150年前，当时被称为是“心碎之死”。举个例子来说，如果我去世的话，我妻子在我逝世之后一年的死亡率会加倍。我当时照料的病人中，有一位是死于痴呆症的女士。和夫妻的例子不同的是，当时照顾这位女士的是她的女儿。这个女儿因为照顾老母而筋疲力竭，而女儿的丈夫也因为妻子的疲劳而患上疾病。有一天我正开车回
5、家，收到一通来自这个丈夫的朋友的电话，原因是他为他朋友所经历的一切感到忧郁。我就这样神奇地接到一个陌生人的电话，全因为他的经历受到了一些和他有一定“社会距离”的人的影响。AndsoIsuddenlyrealizedtwoverysimplethings:First,thewidowhoodeffectwasnotrestrictedtohusbandsandwives.Andsecond,itwasnotrestrictedtopairsofpeople.AndIstartedtoseetheworldinawholenewway,likepairsofpeopleconnectedtoea
6、chother.AndthenIrealizedthattheseindividualswouldbeconnectedintofoursomeswithotherpairsofpeoplenearby.Andthen,infact,thesepeoplewereembeddedinothersortsofrelationships:marriageandspousalandfriendshipandothersortsofties.Andthat,infact,theseconnectionswerevastandthatwewereallembeddedinthisbroadsetofc
7、onnectionswitheachother.SoIstartedtoseetheworldinacompletelynewwayandIbecameobsessedwiththis.Ibecameobsessedwithhowitmightbethatwe'reembeddedinthesesocialnetworks,andhowtheyaffectourlives.So,socialnetworksa
