arrhenius theory acids and bases - green river …：阿伦尼乌斯理论的酸和碱-绿河…

《arrhenius theory acids and bases - green river …：阿伦尼乌斯理论的酸和碱-绿河…》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、Chapter18EquilibriaInvolvingAcids&basesARRHENIUSTHEORYforACIDSandBASESACIDS:producehydrogenions(protons),H+,insolutionBASES:producehydroxideions,OH-,insolution,NEUTRALIZATION:H++OH-H2OProblemswithArrheniusTheory*H3O+:HydroniumionratherthanH+*OH(H2O)3-presentin

2、solution,notOH-*OthersubstancesalsohaveacidicorbasicpropertiesH+surroundedbyfourH-bondedH2OmoleculesH9O4+OH-surroundedbythreeH-bondedH2OmoleculesOH(H2O)3-Bronsted-LoweryTheoryofAcidsandBasesAcid–anysubstancedonatingaproton,H+Base–anysubstanceacceptingaprotonConj

3、ugateAcid-BasePairs:e.g.HF+NH3NH4++F-acid1base2acid2base1AMPHOTERICsubstanceshavebothacidicandbasicproperties.Mono-,di-,tri-,……….topolyproticacids.AcidicversusnonacidicHatomsincompounds.Foreachofthefollowingreactions,identifytheacid,thebase,theconjugatebase,a

4、ndtheconjugateacidH2O+H2OH3O++OH-H2PO4-+H2PO4-H3PO4+HPO42-H2SO4+H2OH3O++HSO4-H2PO4-+H2OH3PO4+OH-CO2+2H2OHCO3-+H3O+H2PO4-+H2OHPO42-+H3O+Fe(H2O)63++H2OFe(H2O)5(OH)2++H3O+HCN+CO32-CN-+HCO3-GraphicrepresentationsofstrongandweakacidequilibriaStrongAci

5、d:100%DissociationintoionsWeakAcid:VerylittleDissociationintoionsHA(aq)+H2O(l)H3O+(aq)+A-(aq)EquilibriumFavorsundissociatedacidAcidstrengthversusconjugatebasestrengthBronsted-LoweryTheory:AcidandBaseStrengthsProtontransfersoccurfromaStrongacidtoastrongbasee.g.

6、HCl+NaOHH2O+NaClWeakacidtostrongbasee.g.CH3COOH+NaOH??Weakbasetoastrongerbasee.g.HSO41-+HSO31-???WillaReactionoccurbetween…..a.HS1-andF1-??b.HClandClO21-??c.HClandClO41-??d.HClandHNO3??RelativestrengthsofsomeBronsted-LowryacidsandtheirconjugatebasesAcidBaseSt

7、rongestHClO4ClO4-WeakestAcidsH2SO4HSO4-basesHII-HBrBr-HClCl-HNO3NO3-H3O+H2OHSO4-SO42-H2SO3HSO3-H3PO4H2PO4-HNO2NO2-HFF-CH3CO2HCH3CO2-H2CO3HCO3-H2SHS-NH4+NH3HCNCN-HCO3-CO32-HS-S2-H2OOH-WeakestNH3NH2-StrongestAcidOH-O2-basesBronsted-LoweryTheory:AcidandBaseStrength

8、sLEVELINGEFFECTofSOLVENTS:Thestrongestacidinasolventistheconjugateacidofthesolvent.Thestrongestbaseistheconjugatebase.AcidH3O+inwaterBaseOH-inwaterAutoionizationofWat