13 fluid and electrolyte balance：13水和电解质平衡

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1、24Fluid,Electrolyte,andAcid-BaseBalanceSection1:FluidandElectrolyteBalanceLearningOutcomes24.1Explainwhatismeantbyfluidbalance,anddiscussitsimportanceforhomeostasis.24.2Explainwhatismeantbymineralbalance,anddiscussitsimportanceforhomeostasis.24.3Summarizet

2、herelationshipbetweensodiumandwaterinmaintainingfluidandelectrolytebalance.24.4CLINICALMODULEExplainfactorsthatcontrolpotassiumbalance,anddiscusshypokalemiaandhyperkalemia.Section1:FluidandElectrolyteBalanceFluidsconstitute~50%–60%oftotalbodycompositionMin

3、erals(inorganicsubstances)aredissolvedwithinandformionscalledelectrolytesFluidcompartmentsIntracellularfluid(ICF)Watercontentvariesmosthereduetovariationin:Tissuetypes(musclevs.fat)DistinctfromECFduetoplasmamembranetransportExtracellularfluid(ECF)Interstit

4、ialfluidvolumevariesVolumeofblood(women

5、terials)Otherbodyfluids(≤1%)AdultmalesICFECFOtherbodyfluids(≤1%)Interstitialfluid18%Intracellularfluid27%Plasma4.5%Solids50%(organicandinorganicmaterials)ICFECFAdultfemalesWATER60%WATER50%SOLIDS40%SOLIDS50%Figure24Section12SOLIDCOMPONENTSThesolidc

6、omponentsofa70-kg(154-pound)individualwithaminimumofbodyfat(31.5kg;69.3lbs)KgProteinsLipidsMineralsCarbohydratesMiscellaneousModule24.1:FluidbalanceFluidbalanceWatercontentstableovertimeGainsPrimarilyabsorptionalongdigestivetractAsnutrientsandionsareabsor

7、bed,osmoticgradientcreatedcausingpassiveabsorptionofwaterLossesMainlythroughurination(over50%)butotherroutesaswellDigestivesecretionsarereabsorbedsimilarlytoingestedfluidsFigure24.11Figure24.12DietaryInputDigestiveSecretionsWaterReabsorptionFoodanddrink220

8、0mLThedigestivetractsitesofwatergainthroughingestionorsecretion,orwaterreabsorption,andofwaterlossSmallintestinereabsorbs8000mLColonreabsorbs1250mL150mLlostinfeces1400mL1200mL9200mL5200mLColonicmucoussec