valued added tax 增值税 —外文翻译_学位论文.doc

《valued added tax 增值税 —外文翻译_学位论文.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、ValueaddedtaxFromWikipedia，thefreeencyclopediAbstractAvalueaddedtax(VAT)isaformofconsumptiontax．Itisataxonthe”valueadded”toaproductormaterial，fromanaccountingview,ateachstageofitsmanufactureordistribution．The”valueadded”toaproductbyabusinessisthesalepricechargedtoitscustomer，minusthecost

2、ofmaterialsandothertaxableinputs．AVATislikeasalestaxinthatultimatelyonlytheendconsumeristaxed．Itdiffersfromthesalestaxinthat，withthelatter，thetaxiscollectedandremittedtothegovernmentonlyonce．atthepointofpurchasebytheendconsumer．WiththeVAT,collections，remittancestothegovernment，andcredits

3、fortaxesalreadypaidoccureachtimeabusinessinthesupplychainpurchasesproductsfromanotherbusiness.Thereasonbusinessesenduppayingnotaxisthatatthetimetheyselltheproduct，theyreceiveacreditforallthetaxtheyhavepaidtosuppliers．Personalend-consumersofproductsandservicescannotrecoverVATonpurchases，b

4、utbusinessesareabletorecoverVAT(inputtax)ontheproductsandservicesthattheybuyinordertoproducefurthergoodsorservicesthatwillbesoldtoyetanotherbusinessinthesupplychainordirectlytoafinalconsumer．Inthisway,thetotaltaxleviedateachstageintheeconomicchainofsupplyisaconstantfractionofthevalueadde

5、dbyabusinesstoitsproducts，andmostofthecostofcollectingthetaxisbornebybusiness，ratherthanbythestate．ValueAddedTaxeswereintroducedinpartbecausetheycreatestrongerincentivestocollectthanasalestaxdoes．Bothtypesofconsumptiontaxcreateanincentivebyendconsumerstoavoidorevadethetax．Butthesalestaxo

6、ffersthebuyeramechanismtoavoidorevadethetax--persuadethesellerthatheisnotreallyanendconsumer，andthereforethesellerisnotlegallyrequiredtocollectit．Theburdenofdeterminingwhetherthebuyer’Smotivationistoconsumeorre-sellisontheseller．butthesellerhasnodirecteconomicincentivetothesellertocollec

7、tit．TheVATapproachgivessellersadirectfinancialstakeincollectingthetax，andeliminatestheproblematicdecisionbytheselleraboutwhetherthebuyerisorisnotanendconsumer．ChapterIComparisonwithasalestaxValueaddedtax(VAT)avoidsthecascadeeffectofsalestaxbytaxingonlythevalueaddedateachs