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1、托福阅读文章：你能从中“读”出更多吗一篇托福阅读文章，哪些方面是我们值得分析的呢？本文中，我们以一篇阅读文章为例，提取它的难词，难句，复杂的文章结构，说明我们应该从阅读文章中获得些什么资源。提炼一个文章的哪些“语言要素”除了有助于我们在阅读中游刃有余，也有助于托福写作能力的提高。原文：GeologistshavelongknownthattheEarth'smantleisheterogeneous,butitsspatialarrangementremainsunresolved—isthemantleessentiallylayeredorirregularlyheterog
2、eneous?Thebestevidenceforthelayered-mantlethesisisthewell-establishedfactthatvolcanicrocksfoundonoceanicislands,islandsbelievedtoresultfrommantleplumesarisingfromthelowermantle,arecomposedofmaterialfundamentallydifferentfromthatofthemidoceanridgesystem,whosesource,mostgeologistscontend,istheu
3、ppermantle.Somegeologists,however,onthebasisofobservationsconcerningmantlexenoliths,arguethatthemantleisnotlayered,butthatheterogeneityiscreatedbyfluidsrichin"incompatibleelements"(elementstendingtowardliquid6ratherthansolidstate)percolatingupwardandtransformingportionsoftheuppermantleirregul
4、arly,accordingtothevagariesofthefluids'pathways.Webelieve,perhapsunimaginatively,thatthisdebatecanberesolvedthroughfurtherstudy,andthattheunderexploredmidoceanridgesystemisthekey.一、难词spatial:a.1.空间的，太空的;2.存在(或者发生)于宇宙空间的plume:n.1.羽状物2.柱，地柱xenolith:俘虏岩percolate:v.1.渗透2.扩散到，弥漫于portions:n.一部分二、难句
5、1.thebestevidenceforthelayered-mantlethesisisthe6well-establishedfactthatvolcanicrocksfoundonoceanicislands，islandsbelievedtoresultfrommantleplumesarisingfromthelowermantle，arecomposedofmaterialfundamentallydifferentfromthatofthemid-oceanridgesystem，whosesource，most geologistscontend，istheupp
6、ermantle.对于地幔分层论点来说，最好的证据乃这样一个确认的事实，即在那些海洋岛屿——这些岛屿据信是源于由下层地幔升上来的地幔柱状溶岩流(mantleplume)——上发现的火山岩石，是由与海洋中部山脊系统的物质根本不同的物质构成的，而这一海洋中部山脊系统的成因，大多数地质学家论辩道，为上部地幔。难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语解释：本句前面的主干并不算难，即theevidenceisthefactthat,难就难在fact之后说明fact的同位语从句。此从句中既有大段插入语，又有从句，较为难读。同位语从句的主语是volcanicrocks，主语后面的foundonoceanic
7、islands是分词修饰volcanicrocks的;islands后面又有一个说明islands的同位语islandsbelievedtoresultfrommantleplumesarisingfrom6thelowermantle,此同位语实际起到一个分隔主谓的同位语的作用。其后是谓语动词arecomposed/offundamentallydifferentfromthatofthemidoceanridgesystem,whosesource,mostgeologist
