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1、EnglishRenaissanceDressEnglishRenaissancedressstylewasquiteheavilyinfluencedbytheFrench,andtoalesser（较少的）degreetheSpanish.IndeedsomescholarsdebatewhethertherewasanactualEnglishRenaissance,buttheydoadmittoan“artisticflowering”duringthereignsoftheTudormonarchs.TheEnglishRenaissanceperiodwas
2、characterizedbyachievementsinliteratureandmusic,ratherthanthevisualartsofpaintingandarchitecturethatwasdevelopinginItalyandFrance.EventhoughsomeelementsofEnglishRenaissancedresswereborrowedfromothercountries,theydidmakevariationsandimprovementsuponthem.Oneexampleistheruff（环状领）,thissmallru
3、fflearoundtheneckandsleevesofaman'slinen（亚麻布）shirt,whichcouldvarygreatlyinitsornateness（华丽）,becameafavoriteofEnglishgentlemen.TheruffhadoriginallybeenintroducedinSpainbyanoblewomanwishingtohideablemishonherneck.DuringtheEnglishRenaissance,manygarments（衣服）ofthesamestylewerewornbyboththeupp
4、erandthelowerclasses.However,thetype,qualityandespeciallycolor,ofthefabric（织物）usedfortheseclothesvariedgreatlybetweentheclasses.Totherich,fashionwasveryimportantasasymboloftheirwealthandinfluence;tothepoor,however,theirconcernswerethatagarmentbepractical,andabovealldurable（持久耐用的）.Allclass
5、esusedwoolorlinen（亚麻布）forshirtsandunderwear,butofvastlydifferentquality.Onlytheextremelywealthycouldaffordcottonorsilkundergarments.Thesewereoftenembroidered（绣花的）withgold,silverorsilkthread（线）.FabricsusedinEnglishRenaissanceclothingwerecoloredalmostexclusivelywithvegetablesdyes（染料）.Themos
6、tcommonbeingmadderforred,woad（靛蓝）forblue,andwalnut（茶色）forbrown.Inordertocreateothercolorsandshades,achemical,knownasamordant,wasneeded.Forinstance,alum（明矾）usedwiththeweld（焊接）plantwouldproduceyellow,whereasironortinusedwithweldwouldresultinshadesofgreen.Themostexpensivedyestoproducewerebri
7、ghtredandblack.Therefore,onlythetrulywealthyworejet（深黑色）blackclothing,andscarlet（绯红色）,duringtheEnglishRenaissance,referrednottoacolor,buttoanextremelyexpensivefinegradeofwool.Becausedyeingwasexpensive,theclothingofthepoorerclasseswasgenerallylimitedtouncoloredlinena
