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1、定语从句一、基本概念和主要特征:1.基本概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如:Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingjustnow?Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词起着连接主从句,指代先行词,又作从句中的一个成分的三重作用。2.主要特征(1)先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分;(2)what永远不能引导定语从句;(3)翻译时先译从句,翻译成“…….的”;(4)
2、定语从句前一般都能找到相对应的名词或代词—先行词二、定语从句的基本用法:=forwhich+at/in/on…+which=at/in/on…+which☻Attention:对于先行词是时间,地点,原因的定语从句关系词的选择关键在于分析定语从句——当引导词在句中做主语,宾语时,要用关系代词;当引导词在句中做状语时,要用关系副词.①Thisistheplacewhereheworks(vi).②Thisistheplace(that/which)wevisited(vt)lastyear.①Ioftenthinkofthedays
3、(that/which)IspentinBrown’slastsummer.②Ioftenthinkofthedayswhenweworkedtogetherlastsummer.Practice:Isthisthefactory____hisfathervisitedlastyear?Isthisfactory_______hisfathervisitedlastyear?Isthisthefactory__hisfatherworkedlastyear?Answers:①(that/which)②theone/what③whe
4、re/atwhich三.定语从句的种类——限制性和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“,”,与主句不隔开用逗号“,”,与主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思关系词使用上A.作宾语时可省略B.可用thatC.可用who代替whomA.不可省略B.不用thatC.不可用who代替whom翻译上常译为“。。。的”常译为并列句或状语从句14ThenovelwhichIhavereadthreetimesisverytou
5、ching.(我读了三遍的那本小说很动人。)Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.(这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。)☻Attention:(1).两种定语从句的内涵不同,限制性定语从句具有涉他性,而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性,这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较:Hisbrother,whoiseighteenyearsold,isaPLAman.(只有一个){※Hisbrotherwho/thatisaPLAmaniseighteenyearsold.(不止一个)(2
6、).在非限制性定语从句中,有时which所指代的先行词是前面的整个句子。XiaoLicametoseemeoff,whichwasverykindofher.Hedidn’tpasstheexam,whichsurprisedus。四.使用关系词引导定语从句时应注意事项。1.在限制性定语从句中,只能用that,不用which指物的情况(1)当先行词为不定代词all,much,little,only,just,every,oneof,no,little,few,any,something,everything,anything,no
7、thing,none,theone....及thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly或被不定代词修饰时Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.TheonlythingthatIwanttodoistohavearest.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.
8、InthisfactoryIsawlittle/muchthatwasdifferentfromours.(2)当先行词为序数词、形容词的最高级或被它们修饰时Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.Isthatth