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ID:12587573
大小:118.50 KB
页数:9页
时间:2018-07-17
《《简明语言学教程》大纲_》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、Chapter1Introduction 1ThescopeoflinguisticsGenerallinguistics普通语言学:thestudyoflanguageasawhole从整体研究1.Phonetics:thegeneralstudyofthecharacteristicsofspeechsounds(orthestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguage)(Howspeechsoundsareproducedandclassified)2.Phonology:isessentiallythed
2、escriptionofthesystemsandpatternsofspeechsoundsinalanguage.(Howsoundsformsystemsandfunctiontoconveymeaning)3.Morphology:thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwords(howmorphemesarecombinedtoformwords)4.Syntax:thestudyofthoserulesthatgovernthecombinationofwor
3、dstoformpermissiblesentences(howmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentences)5.Semantics:thestudyofmeaninginabstraction6.Pragmatics:thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseSociolinguistics:thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyPsycholinguistics:thestudyoflanguagewithreference
4、totheworkingsofthemindAppliedlinguistics:theapplicationoflinguisticsprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearningAnthropologicallinguistics,neurologicallinguistics;mathematicallinguistics;mathematicallinguistics;computationallinguistics[C]Someimportantdistinction
5、sinlinguistics①Prescriptivevs.Descriptive规定性与描写性②Synchronicvs.Diachronic共时性与历时性 Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointintime;Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtime.④Langueandparole语言和言语⑤Competenceandperformance语言能力与语言运用ProposedbytheAmericanlinguistN.Chomsky(psy
6、chological)Whatislanguage?什么是语言[[B]①Arbitrariness(任意性)Thereisnologicalornaturalconnectionbetweenalinguisticform(eithersoundorword)anditsmeaning.Whilelanguageisarbitrarybynature,itisnotentirelyarbitrary.(意义和语音之间没有什么逻辑的联系;虽然是任意性的,但并非完全任意)a)echoofthesoundsofobjectsoracti
7、vities:onomatopoeicwords(拟声词)b)somecompoundwords(某些复合词)②Productivity(能产性,创造性)③Duality(双重结构性,两重性或二元性)Languageisorganizedattwolevelsorlayerssimultaneously.Thelowerorbasiclevelisastructureofsoundswhicharemeaningless.Thehigherlevelismorphemeorword(doublearticulation)(语言是一
8、个系统,包含两组结构或者两个层面。在较低/基本层面存在着语音结构,其自身没有什么意义;较高层面存在着意义单位;结构的双重性/语言的双层性)④Displacement(跨时空性,移位性)Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontex
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