2012职称英语必看理工b的

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*第十一篇ClimateChangePosesMajorRisksforUnpreparedCities气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险     Anewexaminationofurbanpolicieshasbeen 1carriedoutrecentlybyPatriciaRomeroLankao．Sheisasociologistspecializinginclimatechangeand  2urban development．Shewarnsthat manyoftheworld’sfast-growingurbanareas，especiallyindevelopingcountries．willlikelysuffer fromtheimpactsofchangingclimate．Herworkalsoconcludesthatmostcitiesarefailingto3reduceemissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhouse4gases ．These gasesareknown toaffecttheatmosphere．”Climatechangeisadeeplylocalissueandposesprofoundthreatstothegrowingcitiesoftheworld,”saysRomeroLankao.”Buttoofewcitiesaredevelopingeffectivestrategiesto5protect  theirresidents."    Citiesare  6major sourcesofgreenhousegases．Andurbanpopulationsarelikelytobeamongthosemostseverelyaffectedbyfutureclimatechange.Lankao’sfindings  highlightwaysinwhichcity-residentsareparticularlyvulnerable,andsuggestpolicyinterventionsthatcouldofferimmediateandlonger-term  7 benefits  ．    Thelocationsanddenseconstructionpatternsofcitiesoftenplacetheirpopulationsatgreaterriskfornaturaldisasters.Potential   8threats   associatedwithclimateincludestormsurgesand prolongedhotweather.Stormsurgescanfloodcoastalareasandprolongedhotweathercanheat   9heavily  pavedcitiesmorethansurroundingareas．Theimpactsofsuchnaturaleventscanbemoreseriousinanurbanenvironment．Forexample，aprolongedheatwavecanincreaseexisting levelsofairpollution，causing  widespreadhealthproblems．Poorerneighborhoodsthat  may  10lack  basicfacilitiessuchasdrinkingwateroradependablenetworkofroads，areespeciallyvulnerabletonaturaldisasters．Manyresidentsinpoorercountriesliveinsubstandardhousing 11without accesstoreliabledrinkingwater，roadsandbasicservices.      Localgovernments,  12therefore,shouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheirresidents.”Unfortunately，theytendtomovetowardsrhetoric  13ratherthan meaningfulresponses,  RomeroLankaowrites,”Theydon’timposeconstructionstandardsthatcouldreduceheatingandairconditioningneeds.Theydon'temphasizemasstransitandreduce  14automobile use.Infact,manylocal  governments  aretaking  ahands—off  approach.”Thus,sheurgesthemto change their 15idle  policiesandtotakestrongstepstopreventtheharmfuleffectsofclimatechangeoncities.★*第十二篇 FreeStatinsWithFastFoodCouldNeutralizeHeartRisk快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险 Fastfoodoutletscouldprovidestatindrugsfreeof  1charge sothatcustomerscanreducetheheartdiseasedangersoffattyfood,researchersatImperialCollegeLondon  2suggest in anewstudy．    Statinsreducethe 3amount ofunhealthy”LDL”cholesterolintheblood.Awealthoftrial datahasproventhemtobehighlyeffectiveatloweringaperson’sheartattack 4risk .    Inapaperpublishedinthe AmericanJournalofCardiology，DrDarrelFrancisandcolleaguescalculatethatthereductioninheartattackriskofferedbyastatinis 5enough tooffsettheincreaseinheartattackriskfrom   6eating a cheeseburgeranddrinkingamilkshake．    DrFrancis，fromtheNationalHeartandLungInstituteatImperialCollegeLondon，whoistheseniorauthorofthestudy,said:”Statinsdon’tcutouta11ofthe 7unhealthy  effectsofcheeseburgersandFrenchfries．It’sbettertoavoidfattyfoodaltogether．Butwe’veworkedoutthatintermsofyour  8possobility ofhavingaheartattack.Takingastatincanreduceyourrisktomoreorlessthesame   9degree   asafastfoodmealincreasesit.”  “It’sironicthatpeoplearefreetotakeasmanyunhealthvcondimentsinfastfoodoutletsas they  10like ,butstatins,whicharebeneficialtohearthealth,havetobeprescribed.Itmakes sensetomakerisk-reducingstatinsavailablejustaseasilyastheunhealthycondimentsthatare  11provided   freeofcharge．Itwouldcostlessthan5penceper 12customer  ---notmuchdifferenttoasachetofsugar.”DrFrancissaid．  Whenpeopleengageinriskybehaviourslikedrivingorsmoking,they’reencouragedtotake 13measures thatlowertheirrisk,1ike 14wearing aseatbeltorchoosingcigaretteswithfilters.Takingastatinisarationalwayof15lowering someoftherisksofeatingafattymeal 1.WhathavescientistsfoundaboutSaturn?关于土星，科学家发现了什么？ATheyhavefoundanewmoonorbitingSaturn.他们已发现一个新卫星运转-土星。BTheyhavefoundmethane-basedlifeonSaturn.他们发现在土星有基于沼气的生命。CTheyhavefoundmethane-basedlifeonTitan.他们发现在土卫六上有基于沼气的生命DTheyhavefoundearthlikelifeonaSaturn'smoon.他们发现在土星上有像地球的生命。2.WhatdoscientistssayaboutTitan?关于土卫六，科学家说了什么？ATherearelifecluesthere.有生命迹象在那里BThereisacetylenethere.有已炔在那里CWateronTitanexistsintheformofice.土卫六的水是依冰的形式存在。DRiversandlakestherecontainlifeformls.河和湖含有生命体3.Todate,scientistshavenotyetdetectedthisformoflife.(paragraph5)Whatdoes"thisformoflife"referto?至今，科学家仍未发现这一生命体的构成。第五段“生命的形式”参照什么？AWater-basedlife.基于水的生命。BMethane-basedlife.基于沼气的生命。CLiquid-water-basedmicroorganisms.基于液体水的微生物DGas-basedlife.基于气体的生命。4.WhatcanbeinferredfromwhatAllensaid?艾伦说的话可以推断出什么？AScientistshavedifferentargumentsoverwhetherthereislifeonTitan.科学家有不同的争论，关于是否有生命体在土卫六上。BScientistsallagreethatthereislifeonTitan.科学家一致同意在TITAN上有生命体。CScientistsallsuggestthatabiologicalexplanationisreasonable.科学家认为，是一种生物的解释是合理的。DScientistsallagreethatanon-biologicalchemicalreactionisapossibleexplanation.科学家们一致认为，一种非生物化学反应是一种可能的解释。5.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacethetitleofthispassage?下面哪一个可以作为这段的标题？AEarthlikeLivingBeingsFoundonTitan.在土卫六发现似地球像的生命体存在BFindingofOneMoreMoonofSaturn.又一个土星被发现CTitan,aNewSatelliteFound.土卫六，一个新的卫星被发现DAdifferentLifeForm,aPossibility.一个不同的生命体，一个可性的生物 练习：1.WhatistheresultoftheresearchattheUniversityofChicago,accordingtothefirstparagraph?依第一段所说，芝加哥大学研究的是什么成果？AGirlscomfortablewiththeirownmathskillsarebetterthanboysatmath.女生满意她们的数学能力优于男生。BGirlsuncomfortablewiththeirownmathskillsarenotasgoodasboysatmath.女生不满意她们的数学能力不如男生。CFemaleteachers'mathskillshaveinfluenceovergirlstudents'mathskills.女教师的数学能力已影响到女生的数学技能。DFemaleteachers'confidenceintheirmathskillsisrelatedtogirl'smathskills.女教师在数学能力的信心关系到女生的数学能力。2.Whatisimpliedinthethirdparagraph?在第三段中含示了什么？AMathteachers,likemathlearners,donotlikethesubjectduetoitsdifficulty.数学老师，像数学学习者一样，不喜欢这一科目，是因为它有难度。BAdifficultsubjectlikemathmayaffectteachers'confidenceinteachingthesubject.一个难的科目比如数学，可能影响老师们在教这一课目时的信心。CTeachersaremoreanxiousteachingmaththantheirstudentslearningmath.老师们在教数学方面有着更多的焦虑，比学生们学习数学。DMathissodifficultthatnoteachersliketoteachit.数学如此的难以至于没有老师喜欢教它。3.Accordingtotheexperiment,thoseteacherswereprobablyanxiousaboutmathwhentheyfelt依据这一实验，他们的老师可能担忧数学当他们感到。。。时Anervousmemorizingthenumbersofasalesreceipt.紧张地记忆一个销售清单Bhelplesssavingthenumbersofasalesreceipt.无助的保存一个销售清单Cuneasyreadingthenumbersofasalesreceipt.心神不安地一个读销售清单Dhopelessfillinginthenumbersofasalesreport.绝望地录入一个销售报告4.Thesixthparagraphtellsusthattheresearchfindings第六段告诉我们，这项研究发现。。。Aproveastronglinkbetweenfemaleteachers'mathanxietyandtheirfemalestudents'mathAchievements.证明女老师的数学焦虑感和女学生的数学成绩有着密切联系。Bshowthatmalestudentsarelesslikelytobeaffectedbytheirmathanxietythanfemalestudents.表明男生不太可能受到有数学焦虑感的老师的影响，比起女学生来说。Cprovidestrongevidencethatmathsuperstarsaremorelikelytobemalesthanfemales.提供了强有力的证据表明，数学巨星更可能是男性，与女性相比。Ddiscoverastronglinkbetweenteachers'mathanxietyandtheirstudents'mathachievements.在教师数学的焦虑感与学生的数学成就方面，发现强有力的联系。5.DavidGearythinksthat大卫认为。。。Athestudyisinterestingbutitisbasedonunreliableresearchprocess.学习是有趣的，但它基于一个不可靠的研究过程。Btheresearchresultsneedtoberetestedbasedonalargersample.研究结果需要基于更大的样本去重复测试。Ctheresearchresultsneedtobereinterpretedtobemeaningful.研究结果需要重新解释是有意义的。Dthestudyiswellbasedandproducessignificantresults.该研究为基础，产生显着的成果 *第十一篇ClimateChangePosesMajorRisksforUnpreparedCities气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险     Anewexaminationofurbanpolicieshasbeen 1carriedoutrecentlybyPatriciaRomeroLankao．Sheisasociologistspecializinginclimatechangeand  2urban development．Shewarnsthat manyoftheworld’sfast-growingurbanareas，especiallyindevelopingcountries．willlikelysuffer fromtheimpactsofchangingclimate．Herworkalsoconcludesthatmostcitiesarefailingto3reduceemissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhouse4gases ．These gasesareknown toaffecttheatmosphere．”Climatechangeisadeeplylocalissueandposesprofoundthreatstothegrowingcitiesoftheworld,”saysRomeroLankao.”Buttoofewcitiesaredevelopingeffectivestrategiesto5protect  theirresidents."    Citiesare  6major sourcesofgreenhousegases．Andurbanpopulationsarelikelytobeamongthosemostseverelyaffectedbyfutureclimatechange.Lankao’sfindings  highlightwaysinwhichcity-residentsareparticularlyvulnerable,andsuggestpolicyinterventionsthatcouldofferimmediateandlonger-term  7 benefits  ．    Thelocationsanddenseconstructionpatternsofcitiesoftenplacetheirpopulationsatgreaterriskfornaturaldisasters.Potential   8threats   associatedwithclimateincludestormsurgesand prolongedhotweather.Stormsurgescanfloodcoastalareasandprolongedhotweathercanheat   9heavily  pavedcitiesmorethansurroundingareas．Theimpactsofsuchnaturaleventscanbemoreseriousinanurbanenvironment．Forexample，aprolongedheatwavecanincreaseexisting levelsofairpollution，causing  widespreadhealthproblems．Poorerneighborhoodsthat  may  10lack  basicfacilitiessuchasdrinkingwateroradependablenetworkofroads，areespeciallyvulnerabletonaturaldisasters．Manyresidentsinpoorercountriesliveinsubstandardhousing 11without accesstoreliabledrinkingwater，roadsandbasicservices.      Localgovernments,  12therefore,shouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheirresidents.”Unfortunately，theytendtomovetowardsrhetoric  13ratherthan meaningfulresponses,  RomeroLankaowrites,”Theydon’timposeconstructionstandardsthatcouldreduceheatingandairconditioningneeds.Theydon'temphasizemasstransitandreduce  14automobile use.Infact,manylocal  governments  aretaking  ahands—off  approach.”Thus,sheurgesthemto change their 15idle  policiesandtotakestrongstepstopreventtheharmfuleffectsofclimatechangeoncities.★*第十二篇 FreeStatinsWithFastFoodCouldNeutralizeHeartRisk快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险 Fastfoodoutletscouldprovidestatindrugsfreeof  1charge sothatcustomerscanreducetheheartdiseasedangersoffattyfood,researchersatImperialCollegeLondon  2suggest in anewstudy．    Statinsreducethe 3amount ofunhealthy”LDL”cholesterolintheblood.Awealthoftrial datahasproventhemtobehighlyeffectiveatloweringaperson’sheartattack 4risk .    Inapaperpublishedinthe AmericanJournalofCardiology，DrDarrelFrancisandcolleaguescalculatethatthereductioninheartattackriskofferedbyastatinis 5enough tooffsettheincreaseinheartattackriskfrom   6eating a cheeseburgeranddrinkingamilkshake．    DrFrancis，fromtheNationalHeartandLungInstituteatImperialCollegeLondon，whoistheseniorauthorofthestudy,said:”Statinsdon’tcutouta11ofthe 7unhealthy  effectsofcheeseburgersandFrenchfries．It’sbettertoavoidfattyfoodaltogether．Butwe’veworkedoutthatintermsofyour  8possobility ofhavingaheartattack.Takingastatincanreduceyourrisktomoreorlessthesame   9degree   asafastfoodmealincreasesit.”  “It’sironicthatpeoplearefreetotakeasmanyunhealthvcondimentsinfastfoodoutletsas they  10like ,butstatins,whicharebeneficialtohearthealth,havetobeprescribed.Itmakes sensetomakerisk-reducingstatinsavailablejustaseasilyastheunhealthycondimentsthatare  11provided   freeofcharge．Itwouldcostlessthan5penceper 12customer  ---notmuchdifferenttoasachetofsugar.”DrFrancissaid．  Whenpeopleengageinriskybehaviourslikedrivingorsmoking,they’reencouragedtotake 13measures thatlowertheirrisk,1ike 14wearing aseatbeltorchoosingcigaretteswithfilters.Takingastatinisarationalwayof15lowering someoftherisksofeatingafattymeal